Đề cương ôn tập Unit 10+11 môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 10 - Trường THPT Cẩm Lệ

Nội dung text: Đề cương ôn tập Unit 10+11 môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 10 - Trường THPT Cẩm Lệ

1. UNIT 10: CONSERVATION (Bảo tồn) A. VOCABULARY: 1. protect (v) [prə'tekt]: bảo vệ 2. loss (n) [lɔs]: mất 3. destroy (v) [di'strɔi]: phỏ hủy 4. variety (n) [və'raiəti]: sự đa dạng 5. species (n) ['spi:∫i:z]: lũai 6. eliminate (v) [i'limineit]: hủy diệt 7. medicine (n) ['medsn; 'medisn]: thuốc 8. cancer (n) ['kổnsə]: ung thư 9. constant (a) ['kɔnstənt]: thường xuyờn 10. constantly (adv) ['kɔnstəntli]: liờn tục 11. supply (n) [sə'plai]: nguồn cung cấp 12. hydroelectric (a) [,haidroui'lektrik]: thủy điện 13. dam (n) [dổm]: đập ( nước) 14. play (v) an important [im'pɔ:tənt] part: giữ một vai trũ quan trọng 15. circulation (n) [,sə:kju'lei∫n]: sự tuần hoàn 16. conserve (v) [kən'sə:v]: giữ lại 17. run [rʌn] off (v): chảy đi mất 18. take away (v) ['teik ə'wei]: mang theo 19. valuable (a) ['vổljuəbl]: quý giỏ 20. soil (n) [sɔil]: đất 21. frequent (a) ['fri:kwənt]: thường xuyờn 22. flood (n) [flʌd]: lũ,lụt. 23. damage (n) ['dổmidʒ]: sự tàn phỏ, sự thiệt hại 24. threaten (v) ['θretn]: đe dọa 25. polluted (a) [pə'lu:təd]: bị ụ nhiễm 26. disappearance (n) [,disə'piərəns]: sự biến mất 27. worsen (v) ['wə:sn]: làm tồi tệ đi 28. pass [pɑ:s] a law ( exp.): thụng qua một đạo luật. 29. in someone’s defence/ in something‘s defence [di'fens]:để bảo vệ ai đú / để bảo vệ cỏi gỡ 30. in nature‘s defence : để bảo vệ tự nhiờn 31. concern (v) [kən'sə:n]: liờn quan đến 32. power of falling ['fɔ:liη] water : năng lượng dũng chảy. 33. electricity (n) [i,lek'trisiti]: điện 34. remove (v) [ri'mu:v] : hủy đi, bỏ đi 35. get rid of (exp.): bỏ đi B. GRAMMAR: PASSIVE VOICE (BỊ ĐỘNG) I. Form: S + be + PP + (place + by O + time) E.g: The book was written by Mark Twain II. How to change into the passive voice: (Cỏch đổi sang cõu bị động) Active: S V O Passive: S + BE + PP + by + O 1
2. TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE 1. Simple present S + V1/ s/ es S + am/ is/ are + PP 2. Simple past S + V2/ ed S + was/ were + PP 3. Simple future S + will/shall + Vinf S + will/shall + be + PP 4. Present continuous S + am/ is/ are + V-ing S + am/ is/ are + being + PP 5. Past continuous S + was/ were + V-ing S + was/ were + being + PP 6. Present perfect S + has/ have + PP S + has/ have + been + PP 7. Past perfect S + had + PP S + had + been + PP 8. Future perfect S + will/shall + have + PP S + will/shall + have + been + PP 9. be going to S + am/is/are going to + Vinf S + am/is/are going to + be + PP 9. Modal verbs S + modal verb + Vinf S + modal verb + be + PP * PP: V3/ Ved C. EXERCISES Exercise 1: Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others. 1. A. eliminate B. elephant C. endanger D. erosion 2. A. polluted B. species C. accept D. recipe 3. A. club B. lamb C. doubt D. bomber 4. A. bulb B. tomb C. black D. cab 5. A. about B. bomb C. climb D. comb Exercise 2: Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others. 6. A. disappearance B. circulation C. conservation D. environment 7. A. nature B. power C. damage D. defence 8. A. injured B. valuable C. forester D. protector 9. A. opinion B. relax C. semester D. nervous 10. A. erosion B. variety C. supply D. animal Exercise 3: Choose the best answer 11. The is the air, water land in or on which people, animals and plants live. A . consequence B. environment C. planet D. resource 12. Many national parks have been established endangered animals. A. to save B. to kill C. to protect D. to ban 13. Many rare of animals are in danger of extinction. A. species B. classes C. being D. pairs 14. People are destroying the air by adding .to it A. polluted B. pollutions C. polluters D. pollutants 15. The heavy rain has caused in many parts of the country. A. crops B. floods C. water D. soil 16. More and more rare animals are danger of extinction. A. for B. on C. at D. in 17. We are now facing the possible of several rare species. A. danger B. variety C. existence D. disappearance 18. Acid rain has caused severe . on the hillside. A. erosion B. pollution C. destruction D. floods 19. Hydroelectric dams in Vietnam have provided power millions of homes and businesses. A. for B. to C. with D. of 20. Without plants, most water would as soon as it falls A. run of B. run after C. run away D. run by 21. It’s a big company. Two thousand people employed there so far. A. are B. were C.will be D. have been 22. Why do you ask me about the party? I_ to it! A. was not invited B. didn’t invite C. not invited D. was not been inviting 23. The situation is serious. Something before it’s too late 2
3. A. must do B. must be done C. must be doing D. must have done 24. We managed to climb over the wall without_ ___. A. seeing B. to see C. being seen D. to be seen 25. When ?” - “In 1928” A. penicillin was discovered B. did penicillin discovered C. was penicillin discovered D. did penicillin discover 26. I don’t have my car today. It’s in the garage. It repaired right now. A. is B. was C. is being D. was being 27. At our high school, the students’ grades to their parents four times each year. A. send B. sent C. are sent D. were sent 28. The house before they arrived. A. is cleanded B. cleaned C. has been cleaned D. had been cleaned 29. Highway 15 .yesterday due to a serious road accident. A. closed B. was closed C. will be closed D. has been closed 30. A lot of corn .in Iowa. A. grow B. grows C. is grown D. are grown Exercise 4: Choose the word CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word 31. Many organizations have been set up and funds have been raised. A. established B. collapsed C. delayed D. decreased 32. Laws have been introduced to prohibit the killing of endangered animals. A. advised B. decreased C. ban D. encouraged 33. Sperm whale populations are at risk due to hunting. A. in extinction B. in danger C. on the decrease D. in fewness 34. Deforestation is destroying large areas of tropical rain forest. A. changing B. raising C. becoming D. damaging 35. This is especially worrying when there are about 3,000 plants with values as medicines against cancer, AIDS, heart disease and many other sicknesses. A. illness B. disorder C. derangement D. derangement Exercise 5: Choose the best answer Wild animals play an important part in the balance of nature, and (1) us with many important products. Birds and other small animals help control (2) . Wild animals provide fur, food, and recreation. They (3) make our surrounding more interesting. Uncontrolled hunting (4) destroyed much wildlife. People have also harmed animals by destroying their habitats. Many animals, such as the passenger pigeon, have disappeared completely. Others, including the whopping crane, the blue whale, and the American alligator, are in danger of dying (5) . 1. A. produce B. provide C. help D. give 2. A. insects B. snakes C. butterflies D. worms 3. A. too B. either C. as well D. even 4. A. was B. had C. has D. have 5. A. away B. off C. down D. out Exercise 6: Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers Wild animals (and wild plants) and the wild places where they live are seriously threatened almost everywhere. One species has become extinct in each year of this century. But many hundreds are now in danger. Lack of attention would lead to the rapid advance of the process of extinction. Already many kinds of wild animals has been so reduced in number that their role in the ecosystem is forgotten. Animals like the great apes, the whales, seals etc. thought to be in danger of extinction. But even more important, perhaps than individual kinds of animals and plants, whole habitats are in danger of vanishing: marshes are being drained, and the world forests, especially tropical forests are being cut down to satisfy man’s needs of timber and paper. What would our world be like if all the wild animals and wild plants vanished? - Would our life still exist then? 3
4. 1. What would happen to the human beings if the wild life vanished? A. Many species would quickly become extinct. B. Tropical forests would be cut down. C. The human life would be seriously threatened. D. Species would go on dying out. 2. What is more important than individual kinds of animals and plants? A. The vanishing of whole habitats. B. The extinction of many species. C. The rapid advance of the process of extinction. D. Man’s need of timber and paper 3. What does the writer caution us against? A. cutting down the tropical forests. B. hunting wild animals. C. draining marshes. D. destroying our environment. 4. What would happen if we cut down forests? Cutting down forests would cause A. the changes of temperature. B. the flood C. both A and B are correct. D. none are correct. 5. “To threaten” in the passage means A. to pollute B. to give fear to C. to vanish D. to poison Exercise 7: Underlined the correct verb form: Active or Passive 1. I still can’t believe it! My bike stole/ was stolen last night. 2. This road doesn’t use/ is not used very often. 3. Somebody cleans/ is cleaned the room every day. 4. Denmark recycles/ is recycled nearly 85% of its paper. 5. More than 50 films have shown/ have been shown in Ho Chi Minh City since June. 6. They didn’t allow/ weren’t allowed Tom to take these books home. 7. An important decision made/ was made at the conference table last night. 8. Your money will send/ will be sent to your relatives in less than 24 hours. 9. Waste materials disposed of/ are disposed of in a variety of ways. 10. The computer is using/ is being used at the moment. Exercise 8: Change these sentences into passive voice: 1. Parents look after their children. 2. I saw a strange man in the garden last night. 3. They were cleaning the floor when I arrived. 4. Nick will bring the pizzas to our house. 5. The workers have just built a new bridge here. 6. I bought that schoolbag last year. 7. We must do the exercises carefully. 8. He is going to give his son a present. 9. They have given me many flowers and presents on my birthday. 10. People are destroying the forest at an alarming rate. 4
5. UNIT 11: NATIONAL PARKS (Cụng viờn quốc gia) A. VOCABULARY: 1. national ['nổ∫nəl] park (n): cụng viờn quốc gia 2. locate (v) [lou'keit]: xỏc định, nằm ở 3. establish (v) [is'tổbli∫]: lập, thành lập 4. rainforest (n) [rein,'fɔrist]: rừng mưa nhiệt đới 5. butterfly (n) ['bʌtəflai]: con bướm 6. dependent upon (a)[di'pendənt, ə'pɔn]: phụ thuộc vào 7. survival (n) [sə'vaivl]: sự sống sút, tồn tại 8. release (v) [ri'li:s]: phúng thớch, thả 9. orphan (v) ['ɔ:fən]: ( làm cho ) mồ cụi orphanage (n) ['ɔ:fənidʒ]: trại mồ cụi 10. abandon (v) [ə'bổndən]: bỏ rơi, từ bỏ 11. take care of (v): chăm súc 12. sub-tropical (a) [sʌb, 'trɔpikl]: cận nhiệt đới 13. recognise (v) ['rekəgnaiz]: nhận ra 14. habit (n) ['hổbit]: thúi quen 15. temperate (a) ['tempərət]: ụn hũa 16. toxic (a) ['tɔksik]: độc 17. chemical (n) ['kemikl]: chất húa học 18. contamination (n) [kən,tổmi'nei∫n]: sự ụ nhiễm 19. organization (n) [,ɔ:gənai'zei∫n]: sự tổ chức 20. intend (v) [in'tend]: dự định 21. exist (v) [ig'zist]: tồn tại 22. pollute (v) [pə'lu:t]: làm ụ nhiễm 23. suitable (a) ['su:təbl] (for sb/ sth): thớch hợp 24. affect (v) [ə'fekt]: ảnh hưởng đến 25. disaster (n) [di'zɑ:stə]: tai họa, thảm họa 26. unfortunately (adv) [ʌn'fɔ:t∫ənitli]: khụng may 27. turn out (v) [tə:n, aut]: thành ra, húa ra 28. combine (v) kɔm'bain]: kết hợp 29. get a fine (exp.): bị phạt tiền 30. invitation (n) [,invi'tei∫n]: lời mời B. GRAMMAR: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE (mệnh đề IF) (mệnh đề chớnh) st 1 conditional If + S + V1/ V-s/ V-es S + will/ can + V(inf) (đk 1 diễn tả sự việc If + S + don’t/ doesn’t + Vinf S + won’t/ can’t/ + V(inf) cú thể xảy ra ở hiện will/ can + S + V(inf) ? tại hoặc tương lai) nd 2 conditional If + S + V2/ V-ed S + would/ could + V(inf) (đk 2 diễn tả một sự (đ/v “be” ta dựng “were” S + wouldn’t/ couldn’t + V(inf) việc khụng cú thật ở cho mọi chủ ngữ) would/ could + S + V(inf) ? hiện tại) If + S + didn’t + Vinf rd 3 conditional If + S + had + V3/ V-ed S+ would/ could + have + V3/V-ed (đk 3 diễn tả một sự If + S + hadn’t + V3/ V-ed S+ wouldn’t/ couldn’t + have + V3/V-ed việc khụng cú thật ở would/ could + S + have + V3/V-ed ? quỏ khứ) 5
6. e.g: If it rains, we will not go to the beach. (đk 1) If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle. (đk 2) If I knew it, I would tell you earlier. (đk 2) If I had known she was ill yesterday, I would have come to visit her. (đk 3)  Unless = If not (Trừ phi, nếu khụng) e.g: If you don’t study more, you will get bad marks. = Unless you study more, you will get bad marks. Khi chuyển cõu đk dựng If thành cõu đk dựng Unless, ta cần chỳ ý: + If-Clause ở thể phủ định thỡ chuyển thành khẳng định, Main-Clause khụng đổi. + If-Clause ở thể khẳng định thỡ ta chỉ việc thay If = Unless, và đổi Main-Clause thành thể ngược lại. (Sau Unless khụng được dựng mệnh đề ở dạng phủ định) e.g: 1. If we don’t protect the animals, they will die out.  Unless we protect the animals, they will die out. 2. If I have time, I will help you.  Unless I have time, I won’t help you.  Dạng bài tập biến đổi cõu: ta phải dựa vào tỡnh huống để xỏc định Dạng 1: kết quả + because + nguyờn nhõn Notes: If + nguyờn nhõn, mệnh đề chớnh + Nếu tỡnh huống được cho ở thỡ hiện tại đơn, ta ỏp dụng cõu điều kiện loại 2 Dạng 2: nguyờn nhõn so kết quả + Nếu tỡnh huống được cho ở thỡ quỏ therefore khứ đơn, ta ỏp dụng cõu điều kiện loại as a result 3 that’s why + Cõu đk loại 2, loại 3 phải ở dạng If + nguyờn nhõn, mệnh đề chớnh phủ định của cõu tỡnh huống được cho. E.g: 1/ I don’t live alone so I don’t get lonely. (tỡnh huống ở hiện tại viết cõu đk loại 2) If I lived alone, I would get lonely. 2/ Mr. Mills lost his job because he was late everyday. (tỡnh huống ở quỏ khứ viết cõu đk loại 3) If Mr. Mills hadn’t been late everday, he wouldn’t have lost his job. C. EXERCISES: Exercise 1: Choose the word that has the underlined syllable pronounced different from the others. 1. A. worked B. hoped C. watched D. lived 2. A. invader B. destroy C. spend D.soldier 3. A. nature B. toxic C. plant D. contain Exercise 2: Choose the word whose main stress is placed different from the others. 1. A. ethnic B. explore C. orphan D. fauna 2. A. dependent B. survival C. minority D. recognize 3. A. abandon B. national C. wilderness D. butterfly Exercise 3: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) that best completes each sentence: 1. Cuc Phuong National Park .over 200 square kilometers of rainforest. A. contains B. gets C. hold D. covers 2. An interesting .of this park is Orphanage, where orphaned animals are taken care of. A. advantage B. feature C. area D. zone 3. A child who has lost one or both of his parents by death is called .child. A. an abandoned B. an orphan C. a homeless D. orphanage 6
7. 4. The .has threatened many of animals in this park. A. rainforest B. population C. increase D. contamination 5. They went camping in the beautiful .of the rainforest. A. wildlife B. wildness C. wild D. wilderness 6. This park was . before World War II. A. set B. located C. established D. stationed 7. We were very .at his success. A. surprised B. interested C. keen D. fond 8. One species is dependent . another of survival. A. on B. to C. of D. at 9. My home village is .40 kilometers north of the capital. A. located B. held C. laid D. surrounded 10. The cattle drank from a river polluted with toxic chemicals. A. waste B. colorless C. odorless D. poisonous 11. Animals are sheltered in the zoos or parks for their___. A. survival B. existence C. comfort D. happiness 12. The . of East Africa is in danger of extinction now. A. pet B. animal C. fauna D. beast 13. The . of Cuc Phuong National Park is various. A. flora B. tree C. vegetable D. botany 14. A(n) . in the number of rare animals can help attract more tourists here. A. fall B. decrease C. increase D. A & B are correct 15. The park . hundred of species of endangered animals. A. consists B. composes C. holds D. All are correct 16. We .the game if we had a few more minutes. A. can win B. win C. will win D. would win 17. If I .you, I would apply for that job. A. had been B. weren’t C. am D. were 18. I would have read the book if I .more free time. A. had B. have had C. had had D. would have 19. If I had time, I .shopping with you. A. went B. will go C. would go D. would have gone 20. I would have told you, if I .him. A. had meet B. had met C. meet D. met 21. If they .me, I wouldn't have said no. A. had invited B. invited C. invite D. would have invited 22. If I didn't have a mobile phone, my life .complete. A. will be not B. will not be C. would not be D. would not have been 23. Sally .the phone if she were in the room now. A. will answer B. shall answer C. would answer D. answered 24. I . a student in this class if English . my native language. A. won’t be – is B. wouldn’t be – were C. won’t be - were D. wouldn’t be - is 25. Were the weather nice today, we . to the sea. A. would go B. went C. had gone D. will go Exercise 4: Read the following passage and choose best answer (A, B, C or D) for each blank The ostrich is the (1) .bird in the world and an adult can be more than ninety kilos. Most wild ostriches live in southern Africa, but there are only a (2) .of them left. Like all birds, ostriches have wings, (3) . they cannot fly. They use their wings to help them (4) .when they are running. Ostriches can run very fast, from sixty-five to ninety kilometers an hour, so it is very difficult for (5) . animals to catch them. 1. A. large B. larger C. largest D. most largest 2. A. few B. little C. lot D. many 3. A. or B. and C. but D. except 4. A. direct B. change C. alter D. turn 5. A. another B. other C. others D. one other 7
8. Exercise 5: Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers Parks in our country are wonderful playgrounds and millions of people visit them every year. There are places where you can camp without charge or you can rent rooms in a hotel. You can take a long walk in the forests, take boat trips, or climb mountains. You are not allowed to hunt in the park, so there are many wild animals. You can fish in the streams of most of the parks. The park keepers sometimes go with the visitors on walks to tell them about the animals, plants, and mountains. They also have programs and talks at the campgrounds and in the hotels so that people can learn all about the park and the things that are in it. 1. We can camp in the parks . A. without having to pay anything B. with a small fee C. if we rent a room in a hotel D. if we visit them every year 2. Which of the following activities is not mentioned in the passage? A. go for a walk B. go climbing C. go skiing D. go by boat 3. The word “streams” in line 4 is closest in meaning to . A. small rivers B. ponds C. lakes D. big sea 4. The word “them” in line 5 refers to . A. parks B. visitor C. park keepers D. animals 5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. There are many animals in the parks. B. We can walk and have talks with the park keepers C. We are allowed to fish in most of the parks. D. We can hunt in the parks. Exercise 6: Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets, using conditional sentences. 1. If you (watch) the match on TV last night, you would have enjoyed it. 2. If you had asked me, I (help) you. 3. I (write) you a postcard if I had had your address. 4. My uncle gave me this watch. He would be upset if you (lose) it. 5. What (you/ buy) if somebody gave you 10,000 dollars? 6. If I (sell) my car, I wouldn’t get much money for it. 7. She (not get) sick if she (not go ) out last night. 8. If you (not break) your leg, you (take) part in the race last week. Exercise 7: Combine the following sentences with the conditional sentences: 1. I want to travel around the world but I’m not rich. If 2. He’s sick so he has to stay at home today. If 3. The firemen arrived on time so they saved the house. If 4. We didn’t leave yesterday because it snowed. If 5. I don’t have the time so I’m not going to the beach with you. If 6. He won’t tell you about it because he’s not here. If 7. He speaks very quickly so you can’t understand him. If 8. We didn’t know that you were there so we didn’t write you a letter. If 9. The phone was broken so I didn’t call you. If 10. They laughed. Jim didn’t know how to reboot the PC. If 8