Đề cương ôn tập Unit 7 môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 8 - Trường THCS Tây Sơn

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1. UNIT 7 POLLUTION A.GRAMMAR I. Conditional sentences type 1. (Câu điều kiện loại 1) 1. Form IF CLAUSE ( Mệnh đề if ) MAIN CLAUSE ( Mệnh đề chính ) Simple Present (Thì hiện tại đơn ) Simple Future (Thì tương lai đơn ) If + S + V (s/es) S + will/ won’t + V ( bare infinitive ) S+ can/must/ may/ might+ V( bare infinitive ) Eg 1 If I have enough money, I will buy a big house. ( Nếu tơi cĩ đủ tiền , tơi sẽ mua một ngơi nhà lớn ). Eg 2 If you want to pass the exam, you must study harder. ( Nếu bạn muốn thi đỗ , bạn phải học hành chăm chỉ hơn ). Eg 3 If she doesn’t want to be late, she must get up early. ( Nếu cơ ấy khơng muốn bị muộn thì cơ ấy phải dậy sớm ). 2. Usage - Câu điều kiện loại 1 là câu điều kiện diễn tả tình trạng cĩ thể thực hiện được ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Eg If you learn hard, you will pass the exam. Nếu bạn học chăm chỉ , bạn sẽ đỗ kỳ thi. Eg : If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die Nếu nhà máy tiếp tục thải chất độc xuống hồ, thì tất cảlồi cá và các sinh vật dưới nước sẽ chết. Chú ý Thì hiện tại đơn cĩ thể được dùng trong mệnh đề chính khi diễn tả một điều kiện luơn đúng II. Conditional sentences type 2. (Câu điều kiện loại 2) 1.Form. IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If ) MAIN CLAUSE ( Mệnh đề chính ) If +S + V-ed/2 S + would / could/might + V(infinitive) If + S + were S + wouldn’t / couldn’t +V (infinitive) Eg 1 If I became rich , I would spend all my time travelling. Nếu tơi giàu, tơi sẽ dành tất cả thời gian để đi du lịch. 2.Usage - Câu điều kiện loại 2 là dùng để diễn tả điều kiện khơng thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. If I were you, I would buy that bike. Nếu tơi là bạn tơi sẽ mua chiếc xe đạp đĩ. Chú ý Chúng ta cĩ thể dung cả was và were cho các ngơi: I/ She/ He/ It trong mệnh đề if Eg If I were you, I would study English hard. Nếu tơi là bạn, tơi sẽ học Tiếng Anh chăm chỉ hơn. B. VOCABULARY ENGLISH TYPE PRONUNCIATION VIETNAMESE acid rain n /ỉsɪd reɪn/ mưa axit advertising n /ˈỉdvətaɪzɪŋ ˈbɪlbɔːd/ biển quảng cảo billboard affect v /əˈfekt/ gây ảnh hưởng
2. air pollution n /eər pəˈluːʃn/ ơ nhiễm khơng khí almost adv /ˈɔːlməʊst/ hầu như aquatic adj /əˈkwỉtɪk/ sống ở dưới nước atmosphere n /ˈỉtməsfɪər/ bầu khơng khí behaviour n /bɪˈheɪvjər/ hành vi believe v /bɪˈliːv/ tin tưởng birth defect n /bɜːθ ˈdiːfekt/ khuyết tật bẩm sinh blood pressure n /blʌd ˈpreʃər/ huyết áp breathing problem n /ˈbriːðɪŋ ˈprɒbləm/ vấn đề thở change v /tʃeɪndʒ/ thay đổi, sự thay đổi chemical adj /ˈkemɪkəl/ thuộc hĩa học come up with v /kʌm ʌp wɪð/ nghĩ ra complain v /kəmˈpleɪn/ phàn nàn contain v /kənˈteɪn/ chứa đựng contaminant n /kənˈtỉmɪnənt/ chất gây ơ nhiễm contamination n /kəntỉmɪˈneɪʃn/ sự ơ nhiễm continue v /kənˈtɪnjuː/ tiếp tục damage v, n /ˈdỉmɪdʒ/ phả hủy, sự phá hoại, tổn thất dead n /ded/ chết decrease v /dɪˈkriːs/ làm giảm die v /daɪ/ chết dirty adj /ˈdɜːti/ bẩn thỉu discharge v, n /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ sự dỡ hàng, sự tháo ra disease n /dɪˈziːz/ bệnh tật dramatic adj /drəˈmỉtɪk/ nghiêm trọng dump v /dʌmp/ đổ, vứt bỏ dust n /dʌst/ bụi earth’s surface n /ɜːθ ˈsɜːfɪs/ bề mặt trái đất environmental adj /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl/ thuộc mơi trường expose v /ɪkˈspəʊz/ tiếp xúc factory n /ˈfỉktəri/ nhà máy float v /fləʊt/ nổi fume n /fjuːm/ khĩi thải gas n /ɡỉs/ khí, dầu xăng give presentation v /ɡɪv prezənˈteɪʃən/ thuyết trình
3. global warming n /ˈɡləʊbəl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ sự nĩng lên tồn cầu ground water n /ɡraʊnd ˈwɔːtər/ nước ngầm harmful adj /ˈhɑːmfəl/ cĩ hại hearing loss n /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/ sự mất khả năng nghe herbicide n /ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/ thuốc diệt cỏ home village n /həʊm ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ quê nhà household n, adj /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ hộ gia đình, thuộc gia đình illustrate v /ˈɪləstreɪt/ minh họa industrial adj /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ thuộc về cơng nghiệp issue n /ˈɪʃuː/ vấn đề land/soil pollution n /lỉnd/sɔɪl pəˈluːʃən/ ơ nhiễm đất lead to v /lɪːd tuː/ dẫn tới light pollution n /laɪt pəˈluːʃən/ ơ nhiễm ánh sáng litter v /lɪtər/ xả rác, rác noise pollution n /nɔɪz pəˈluːʃən/ ơ nhiễm tiếng ồn occur v /əˈkɜːr/ xảy ra ocean n /ˈəʊʃən/ đại dương overhead adj /ˈəʊvəhed/ ở trên đầu pattern n /ˈpỉtən/ kiểu mẫu, gương mẫu poison n /ˈpɔɪzən/ chất độc poisonous adj /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ cĩ độc, nhiễm độc polluted adj /pəˈluːtɪd/ bị ơ nhiễm pollution n /pəˈluːʃən/ sự ơ nhiễm radiation n /reɪdɪˈeɪʃən/ phĩng xạ radioactive n /reɪdiəʊˈỉktɪv pəˈluːʃən / ơ nhiễm phĩng xạ pollution recycle v /riːˈsaɪkl/ tái chế reduction n /rɪˈdʌkʃən/ sự rút gọn, sự giảm renewable adj /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ làm mới được, tái sinh được resident n /ˈrezɪdənt/ cư dân result In phr.v /rɪˈzʌlt ɪn/ dẫn tới, gây ra river n /rɪvər/ dịng sơng rubbish n /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ rác thải serious adj /ˈsɪəriəs/ nghiêm trọng sneeze v /sniːz/ hắt hơi
4. spill v /spɪl/ làm tràn, làm đổ stream n /ˈstriːm/ dịng suối surprise v, n /səˈpraɪz/ sự ngạc nhiên telephone pole n /ˈtelɪfəʊn pəʊl/ cột điện thoại thermal pollution n /ˈθɜːməl pəˈluːʃən/ ơ nhiễm nhiệt throw v /θrəʊ/ ném, vứt tiny species n /ˈtaɪni ˈspiːʃiːz/ những sinh vật nhỏ untidy adj /ʌn ˈtaɪdi/ lơi thơi, lếch thếch vehicle n /ˈviːɪkl/ phương tiện giao thơng visual pollution n /ˈvɪʒuəl pəˈluːʃən/ ơ nhiễm tầm nhìn waste n /weɪst/ chắt thải water pollution n /ˈwɔːtər pəˈluːʃən/ ơ nhiễm nước weed n /wiːd/ cỏ dại C.EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP) PHONETICS Question I. Find the word which has different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. wanted B. washed C. danced D. played 2. A. goes B. watches C. misses D. brushes 3. A. come B. mother C. open D. some 4. A. mention B. question C. action D. education 5. A. who B. when C. where D. what Question II. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. artistic B. historic C. dramatic D. scientific 2. A. medical B. national C. chemical D. historical 3.A. athletic B. dramatic C. scientific D. heroic 4.A. medical B. hospital C. politic D. electric 5.A. chemical B. physical C. environmental D. medical VOCABURLARY AND GRAMMAR Question I. Choose the best answer. (A,B, C or D ) 1. I like ___ back my home village on holiday. A. comes B. come C. came D. coming 2. If the factory ___ dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die. A. continues B. to continue C. continued D. will continue 3. Water ___ in the lake has made the fish die. A. pollution B. pollute C. polluted D. polluting 4. If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals ___. A. die B. to die C. dead D. will die 5. Water pollution is the ___ in the lake has made the fish die. A. contaminating B. contaminate C. contaminated D. contamination 6. If we___ water carefully, more people will have fresh water. A. will use B. would use C. using D. use
5. 7. If the air wasn’t dirty, I ___ so much. A. wouldn’t sneeze B. sneeze C. would sneeze D. to sneeze 8. If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals ___. A. die B. to died C. dead D. will died 9. If I were you, I___ that car. A. would buy B. buy C. bought D. buying 10. If we recycle more, we ___ the Earth. A. help B. would help C. helping D. will help Question II: One of the four underlined parts marked A, B, C, D in each sentence is not correct in standard English. Identify them. 1. If Lucia had been here now, she would find out the truth about her uncle’s accident. A B C D 2. If a student takes a course on Computer Science, it will take him four years doing the course. A B C D 3. Unless it did not rain, Peter would pay us a visit. A B C D 4. If had I known you were in financial difficulty, I would have helped you. A B C D 5. If I had knew the time when the match started, I would have told you. A B C D Question III. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. 1. If we (recycle) ___ more, we will help the Earth. 2. Factories (not dump) ___waste into rivers if the government fines them heavily. 3. If people travel to work by bus, there (be) ___fewer car fumes. 4. We (save) ___thousands of trees if we don’t waste paper. 5. If we use water carefully, more people (have) ___fresh water. 6. If the factory (continue) ___ dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die. 7. If we recycle more, we (help) ___ the Earth. 8. If people (travel) ___to work by bus, there will be fewer car fumes. 9. We save thousands of trees if we (not waste) ___don’t waste paper. 10. Factories don’t dump waste into rivers if the government (fine) ___ them heavily. Question IV.Combine each pair of sentences to make a conditional sentence type 1. 1.Students are more aware of protecting the environment. Teachers teach environmental issues at school. If 2.Light pollution happens. Animals change their behaviour patterns. If 3.The levels of radioactive polluion decrease.We switch from nuclear power to renewable energy sources. If 4.The water temperature increases.Some aquatic creatures are unable to reproduces. If 5.People get more diseases.The water is contaminated. If Question V. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. 1. If I were you, I (look) ___ for a new place to live.
6. 2. If Lan wasn’t ill, she ( join) ___ out tree planting activity. 3.If there were fewer cars on the road, there (be) ___ less pollution. 4.If people really cared about the environment, they ( not dump ) ___ waste into the lake. 5.If there was no fresh water in the world, what (happen) ___. 6.If you (be) ___ the president, what would you do to help the environment ? 7.They get sick so often.If they exercised more, they (be) ___ heathier. 8.If I (have) ___ one million US dollars , I would build more parks in our city. 9.Quan’s mother is unhappy. If Quan tided his room every day, his mother (not be) ___ so upset. 10.There isn’t a garden at house .If there were, we (grow) ___ vegetables. Question VI.Write a conditional sentence type 2 for each situation, as in the example. 1.People throw rubbish in the street.The street doesn’t look attractive. If people didn’t throw rubbish in the street, it would look attractive. 2.There are so many billboards in our city. People can not enjoy the view. If . 3.There is so much light in the cityat night.We can not see the stars clearly. If 4.We turn on the heater all the time. We have to pay three million dong for electricity a month. If 5.The karaoke bar makes so much noise almost every night. The residents complain to its owner. If Question VII. Rewrite the sentences below without changing their original meaning. 1. ___ Radioactive pollution is very dangerous. It can cause abnormal growth. [since] ___ 2. ___ Leaves are damaged. The tree cannot get enough food energy to stay healthy. [because] ___ 3. ___ I don’t have much money now, but I want to buy a house in Phu Cuong. If ___ 4. ___ Light pollution happens. There is a change in animals’ living patterns. If ___ C.READING Question I. Read the passage and do the tasks that follow Alaska is perhaps the most amazing state in the USA. It has coastlines facing both the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. This state has an incredible three million lakes. That’s four lakes per person living there. Many cities in Alaska cannot be reached by road, sea, or river. The only way to get in and out is by air, on foot, or by dogsled. That’s why Alaska has the busiest sea airport in the world, Lake Hood
7. Seaplane Base. Nearly two hundred floatplanes take off and land on the water of this airport every day. It is a really fun scene to watch. Alaska is called the land of Midnight Sun because in summer, the sun does not set for nearly three months. But in winter the sun stays almost unseen. All Alaskans take special pride in their beautiful and unique state. 1. Alaska ___. A. is another name for the USA B. is an island in the Pacific Ocean C. has coastlines facing both the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean 2. Which statement below is NOT CORRECT? A. In Alaska, the number of lakes is bigger than that of people. B. There is one lake for each person living there. C. Alaska has an incredibly high number of lakes. 3.Which method below can always be used to reach a place in Alaska? A. by airB. by roadC. by river 4. In Alaska we can always see the sun ___. A. in winterB. in summerC. every month of the year Question II Read the passage and answer the questions. Visual pollution has a greater effect on people than you may think. I remember when I went to a big city, I was really scared because so much graffiti on the buildings' wall. Then I looked up, and I saw a lot of power lines over my head. Although they were not dangerous, I still felt unsafe since I thought they might fall down. These things prevented me from enjoying the beautiful sights of the city. I also remember the time when I was a student at a university. Once I was so busy with my assignments that I did not tidy my room for two weeks. Looking at the messy room caused me so much stress that I did not want to study. Then I decided to clean the room and put my thing in their proper places. I also bought a small plant and placed it in a corner of the room. These simple actions increased my motivation and helped me to focus on my learning. Questions. 1. How did the author feel when she saw the power lines? . 2. Why did she have that feeling? 3. What was she busy with? 4. What happened when she looked the messy room? 5. What did she do for her room?