Đề cương ôn thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh năm 2021 - Trường THPT Thái Phiên

Nội dung text: Đề cương ôn thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh năm 2021 - Trường THPT Thái Phiên

1. Period 1 MODAL VERBS I. May – Might : có lẽ * May / Might + bare infinitive: được sử dụng để nói rằng một người nào đó được phép làm gì hoặc một điều gì đó có thể xảy ra. Có thể sử dụng may / might để nói về hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Eg: - I may / might go to the cinema with my brother tonight. - It may / might rain later. II. Must – Mustn‟t – Needn‟t * Must + bare infinitive: được sử dụng để nói rẳng một người nào đó phải làm điều gì hoặc điều gì là cần thiết để làm. Eg: - You must do all your homework before bedtime. * Mustn‟t + bare infinitive: được sử dụng để nói rẳng một người nào đó không được phép làm điều gì. Eg: - You mustn‟t sleep in the class. You „ll miss the lesson. * Needn‟t + bare infinitive: được dung để nói một người nào đó không cần thiết làm gì. Eg: - You needn‟t wear your new clothes. You can wear what you like. * Don’t have to / don’t need to + bare infinitive: được sử dụng thay cho “ needn‟t”. Eg: - You don‟t have to / don‟t need to clean the floor. It‟s not dirty. III. Model Perfect 1.Could/ May/ Might + perfect: có thể là Dùng để chỉ một tiên đoán trong quá khứ nhưng không có cơ sở. Những động từ khiếm khuyết này đều mang nghĩa hiện tại. Eg: - It may have rained last night, but I am not sure. - The cause of death could have been bacteria. - John might have gone to the movies yesterday. 2. Must + Perfect: Dùng để nói về một tiên đoán xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng dựa trên những cơ sở rõ ràng Eg: - I have lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere. - My wacth says only ten past six. It must have stopped. 3. Should (not) + Perfect: Nên (không nên) làm một việc gì đó trong quá khứ - You shouldn‟t have come to school late. - We didn‟t play very well. We should have played better. Chú ý: Có thể thay should = ought to 4. Need(not) + Perfect: Cần hoặc không cần làm điều gì trong quá khứ. Eg: - You needn‟t have bought her such a precious present. - We needn‟t have gone to the supermarket. There‟s enough food at home. 5. Can’t / Couldn’t + Perfect: ắt hẳn đã không xảy ra ở quá khứ. - Anna passed me quickly. She can‟t / couldn‟t have seen me. EXERCISES A. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D that best completes each sentence. 1. She ___ be ill. I have just seen her playing basket ball in the school yard. a. needn't b. shouldn't c. mustn't d. can't 2. Hiking the trail to the peak ___ be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes. You ___ research the route a little more before you attempt the ascent. a. might / can b. may / mustn't c. can / should d. must / needn't 3. Peter has been working for 10 hours. He ___ be very tired now. a. needn't b. must c. has to d. should 4. I ___ find my own way there. You ___ wait for me. a. should / can't b. have to / must c. can / needn't d. might / mustn't 5. Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He ___ it here last night. a. must have left b. should have left c. must be leaving d. needn't leave 6. Jenny's engagement ring was precious! It ___ have cost a fortune. a. must b. should c. can d. needn't 7. You ___ take your umbrella along with you today. It ___ rain later on this afternoon. a. ought to / mustn't b. needn't / will c. will / must d. should / might 8. I ___ be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably ___ take a taxi if I want to be on time. a. must/ have to b. may / must c. should / needn't d. mustn't / shouldn't 9. You ___ forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time. a. needn't b. mustn't c. do not have to d. may not 10. The television isn't working. It ___ during the move. a. should have been damaged b. needn't be damaged c. must have been damaged d. ought not be damaged 11. I am not deaf. You ___ shout. 1
2. a. must b. mustn't c. need d. needn‟t 12. John failed again. He ___ harder. a. must have tried b. should have tried c. can tried d. may have tried 13. ___ I borrow your lighter for a minute? - Sure, no problem. Actually, you ___ keep it if you want to. a. May / can b. Must / might c. Will / should d. Might / needn‟t 14. I do not mind at all. You ___ apologize. a. shouldn't b. needn't c. mustn't d. oughtn't to 15. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He ___ exhausted after such a long flight now. a. must be b. must be being c. must have been d. should have been 16. The lamp ___ be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out. a. should not b. might not c. must not d. will not 17. It is a top secret. You ___ tell anyone about it. a. mustn't b. needn't c. mightn't d. won't 18. We have plenty of time for doing the work. We ___ be hurried. a. needn't b. shouldn't c. mustn't d. mayn't 19. Keep quiet. You ___ talk so loudly in here. Everybody is working. a. may b. must c. might d. mustn't 20. John is not at home. He ___ go somewhere with Daisy. I am not sure. a. might b. will c. must d. should 21. ___ I have a day off tomorrow? - Of course not. We have a lot of things to do. a. Must b. Will c. May d. Need 22. The computer ___ reprogramming. There is something wrong with the software. a. must b. need c. should d. may 23. ___ I be here by 6 o'clock? - No, you ___. a. Shall/mightn't b. Must / needn't c. Will / mayn't d. Might / won't 24. If I had gone white water rafting with my friends, I ___ down the Colorado River right now. a. should have floated b. must be floating c. would be floating d. would have been floating 25. Susan ___ hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly. a. mustn't b. couldn't c. can't d. needn't B. Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 1. You should make your mother is happy for the rest of her life. A B C D 2. You will have visited her when she was sick. A B C D 3. I am busy today but I would have some free time tomorrow. A B C D 4. If you had been here last Sunday, you should have met her. A B C D 5. The ancient ruins may be discovered as early as 1820. A B C D C. Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 1. I have done this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the answer key. ___ a. The answer in the book should be wrong! b. The book needn't have a wrong answer. c. There is a wrong answer in the book. d. The answer in the book must be wrong! 2. When I was a child, as we were having dinner, my grandmother always used to say, “___.” a. One must not eat with one's mouth open b. You should have eaten with your mouth open. c. Open your mouth and eating d. One needn't open his mouth to eat 3. ___ We have still got plenty of food. a. You should have bought some more to eat. b. You needn't have gone to the supermarket. c. We must have bought some more food. d. May I go to the supermarket? 4. John passed his exam with a distinction. ___. a. He was too lazy to succeed b. He can't have studied very hard c. He must have studied very hard d. He needs studying harder 5. ___. We got there far too early. a. We needn't have hurried b. We should hurry up c. Hurry up or we will be late d. We must have walked hurriedly 6. It wasn't obligatory to submit my assignment today. a. My assignment must have been submitted today. b. I needn't have submitted my assignment today. 2
3. c. My assignment was required to submit by today. d. I mustn't submit my assignment today. 7. It's time we left for the disco. a. We may leave for the disco now. b. We needn't leave for the disco now. c. We should leave for the disco now. d. We must have leave for the disco now. 8. It was a mistake of you to lose your passport. a. You shouldn't have lost your passport. b. There must be a mistake in your passport. c. You needn't have brought your passport. d. Your passport must be lost. 9. My car keys are possibly in the kitchen. a. My car keys should be put in the kitchen. b. My car keys cannot be in the kitchen. c. I do not know whether my car keys are in the kitchen. d. My car keys might be in the kitchen. 10. Is it possible for me to come to your house at about 7pm? a. Must I come over to your house at about 7pm? b. Could I be come to your house at about 7pm? c. Can I come to your house at about 7pm? d. Will I come to your house at about 7pm? 11. I‟m sure it wasn‟t Mr Pike you saw because he is in London. a. It couldn‟t be Mr Pike you saw because he is in London. b. It can‟t have been Mr Pike you saw because he is in London. c. It mustn‟t have been Mr Pike you saw because he is in London. d. It mightn‟t be Mr Pike you saw because he is in London. 12. The little boy wasn‟t able to reach that picture. a. The little boy couldn‟t reach that picture. b. The little boy couldn‟t have reached that picture. c. The little boy wouldn‟t be able to reach that picture. d. The little boy didn‟t try to reach that picture. 13. I am sure you didn‟t lock the door because here‟s the key. a. You couldn‟t lock the door because here‟s the key. b. You haven‟t been able to lock the door because here‟s the key. c. You can‟t have locked the door because here‟s the key. d. You weren‟t able to lock the door because here‟s the key. 14. John was not here yesterday. Perhaps he was ill. a. John needn‟t be here yesterday because he was ill. b. Because of his illness, John shouldn‟t have been here yesterday. c. John might have been ill yesterday, so he was not here. d. John must have been ill yesterday, so he was not here. 15. I took a sweater but it was not necessary. a. I needn‟t have taken a sweater. b. It was too necessary for me to take a sweater. c. I should have taken a sweater. d. I must have taken a sweater. Period 2 VOCABULARY: SYNONYMS Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions. 1. I could see the finish line and thought I was home and dry. A. hopeless B. hopeful C. successful D. unsuccessful 2. Carpets from countries such as Persia and Afghanistan often fetch high prices in the United States. A. Artifacts B. Pottery C. Rugs D. Textiles 3. Professor Berg was very interested in the diversity of cultures all over the world. A. variety B. changes C. conservation D. number 4. The shop assistant was totally bewildered by the customer‟s behavior. A. disgusted B. puzzled C. angry D. upset 5. What may happen if John doesn‟t arrive on time? A. go along B. count on C. keep away D. turn up 6. Ralph Nader was the most prominent leader of the U.S consumer protection movement. A. casual B. significant C. promiscuous D. aggressive 7. Those girls are totally unaware that they are being made use of by this organization. A. taken for granted B. spoken ill of C. made fun of D. taken advantage of 8. Around 150 B.C. the Greek astronomer Hipparchus developed a system to classify stars according to brightness. A. record B. shine C. categorize D. diversify 3
4. 9. The rains of 1993 causing the Missouri river to overflow resulted in one of the worst floods of the 20th century. A. stopped B. lessened C. caused D. overcame 10. I‟m becoming increasingly absent-minded. Last week, I locked myself out of my house twice. A. being considerate of things B. remembering to do right things C. forgetful of one‟s past D. often forgetting things 11. They had to delay their trip because of the bad weather. A. get through B. put off C. keep up with D. go over 12. Let‟s wait here for her; I‟m sure she‟ll turn up before long. A. arrive B. return C. enter D. visit 13. This tapestry has a very complicated pattern. A. obsolete B. intricate C. ultimate D. appropriate 14. Helen Keller, blind and deaf from an early age, developed her sense of smell so finely that she could identify friends by their personal odors. A. classify B. communicate with C. describe D. recognize 15. We really appreciate your help; without which we couldn't have got our task done in time. A. depreciate B. are proud of C. feel thankful for D. request 16. The last week of classes is always very busy because students are taking examinations, making applications to the University, and extending their visas. A. hectic B. eccentric C. fanatic D. prolific 17. The drought was finally over as the fall brought in some welcome rain. A. heat ware B. harvest C. summer D. aridity 18. When their rent increased from 200 to 400 a month, they protested against such a tremendous increase. A. light B. huge C. tiring D. difficult 19. In 1952, Akihito was officially proclaimed heir to the Japanese throne. A. installed B. declared C. denounced D. advised 20. As tourism is more developed, people worry about the damage to the flora and fauna of the island. A. fruits and vegetables B. flowers and trees C. plants and animals D. mountains and forests 21. If we had taken his sage advice, we wouldn‟t be in so much trouble now. A. willing B. sturdy C. wise D. eager 22. During the earthquake, a lot of buildings collapsed, which killed thousands of people. A. went off accidentally B. fell down unexpectedly C. exploded suddenly D. erupted violently 23. Many schools provide environmental education to increase students' awareness of conservation needs. A. effort B. benefit C. exploitation D. knowledge 24. This is the instance where big, obvious non-verbal signals are appropriate. A. situation B. attention C. place D. matter 25. He had never experienced such discourtesy towards the president as it occurred at the annual meeting in May. A. politeness B. rudeness C. encouragement D. measurement 26. Parents interpret facial and vocal expressions as indicators of how a baby is feeling. A. translate B. understand C. read D. comprehend 27. The notice should be put in the most conspicuous place so that all the students can be well- informed. A. popular B. suspicious C. easily seen D. beautiful 28. I think we have solved this problem once and for all. A. forever B. for goods C. temporarily D. in the end 29. The works of such men as the English philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes helped pave the way for academic freedom in the modern sense. A. terminate B. prevent C. initiate D. lighten 30. Many scientists agree that global warming poses great threats to all species on Earth. A. risks B. annoyances C. fears D. irritations Period 3 PASSIVE VOICE Active voice: S + V + O Passive voice: S + be + PP + ( by agent ) Examples: 4
5. 1. They usually hold the concerts at the university. - The concerts are usually held at the university 2. They haven‟t told the students about the changes of the timetable yet - The students haven‟t been told about the changes of the timetable yet. 3. The police found two children in the forest. - Two children were found in the forest by the police. Bảng các thì ở thể bị động: Tenses Active Passive Simple Present S + V + O S + be + PP + by + O Present Continuous S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + PP + by + O Present Perfect S + has/have + PP + O S + has/have + been + PP + by + O Simple Past S + V-ed + O S + was/were + PP + by + O Past Continuous S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + PP + by + O Past Perfect S + had + PP + O S + had + been + PP + by + O Simple Future S + will/shall + V + O S + will + be + PP + by + O Future Perfect S + will/shall + have + PP + O S + will + have + been + PP + by + O Be + going to S + am/is/are + going to + V + O S + am/is/are + going to + be + PP + by + O Model Verbs S + model verb + V + O S + model verb + be + PP + by + O  MỘT SỐ DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT 1. Mẫu câu với have/get: * S + have + Sb + V + O → S + have + O + PP.2 + (by+ Sb) Ex: I had him repair my bike. → I had my bike repaired by him. * S + get + Sb + to-V + O → S + get + O + to be + PP.2 (by + Sb) Ex: We get him to look after our house when we are on business. → We get our house to be looked after (by him) when we are on business. 2. Sb + need + to-V + Sth + → Sth + need + V-ing + Ex: We need to water the plants everyday. → The plants need watering everyday. 3. Câu bị động có động từ tường thuật – Chủ động: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O + * Những động từ tường thuật (Reporting Verbs = V1) thường gặp: think consider know believe say suppose suspect rumour declare Ex1: People say that he always drink a lot of wine. → It is said that he always drink a lot of wine. Or: He is said to always drink a lot of wine. Ex2: Villagers think that he broke into her house. → It is thought that he broke into her house. Or: He is thought to have broken into her house. Ex3: The police believed that the murderer died. → It was believed that the murderer died. Or: The murderer was believed to die. EXERCISES I. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D that best completes each sentence. 1. We can‟t go along here because the road___. A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. repairs 2. The story I‟ve just read___ Agatha Christie. A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by 3. I‟m going to go out and___. A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut C. cut my hair D. my hair be cut 4. Something funny___ in class yesterday. A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened 5. Many US automobiles___ in Detroit, Michigan A. manufacture B. have manufactured 5
6. C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing 6. A lot of pesticide residue can___ unwashed produce. A. find B. found C. be finding D. be found 7. We___ by a loud noise during the night. A. woke up B. are woken up C. were woken up D. were waking up 8. Some film stars___ difficult to work with. A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be 9. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don‟t enjoy___ at. A. be laughed B. to be laughed C. laughing D. being laughed 10. Today, many serious childhood diseases___ by early immunization.[ sự miễn dịch] A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented 11. Do you get your heating___ every year? A. checking B. check C. be checked D. checked 12. Bicycles___ in the driveway. A. must not leave B. must not be leaving C. must not be left D. must not have left 13. Beethoven‟s Fifth Symphony___ next weekend.[ Symphony: khúc giao hưởng] A. is going to be performed B. has been performed C. will be performing D. will have perform 14. All bottles___ before transportation. A. frozen B. were froze C. were frozen D. are froze 15. ___ yet? A. Have the letters been typed B. Have been the letters typed C. Have the letters typed D. Had the letters typed 16. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where___ for administration, broadcasting and education. A. is used B. it is used C. used D. being used 17. The telephones___ by Alexander Graham Bell. A. is invented B. is inventing C. invented D. was invented 18. Lots of houses___ by the earthquake. A. are destroying B. destroyed C. were destroyed D. is destroyed 19. Gold___ in California in the 19th century. A. was discovered B. has been discovered C. was discover D. they discover 20. The preparation___ by the time the guest___. A. had been finished- arrived B. have finished- arrived C. had finished-were arriving D. have been finished- were arrived 21. The boy___ by the teacher yesterday. A. punish B. punished C. punishing D. was punished 22. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They‟ve already ___, sir. They‟re on your desk.” A. typed B. been being typed C. being typed D. been typed 23. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It___ of cotton. A. be made B. are made C. is made D. made 24. They had a boy ___ that yesterday. A. done B. to do C. did D. do 25. We got our mail ___ yesterday. A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver II. Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one. 26. Somebody cleans the room every day. A. The room everyday is cleaned. B. The room is every day cleaned. C. The room is cleaned every day. D. The room is cleaned by somebody every day. 27. People don‟t use this road very often. A. This road is not used very often. B. Not very often this road is not used. C. This road very often is not used. D. This road not very often is used. 28. How do people learn languages? A. How are languages learned? B. How are languages learned by people? C. How languages are learned? D. Languages are learned how? 29. Tom bought that book yesterday. A. That book was bought by Tom yesterday. B. That book was bought yesterday by Tom. 6
7. C. That book yesterday was bought by Tom D. That book was bought yesterday. 30. They have not used this typewriter for a long time A. For a long time has not been used this typewriter B. This typewriter has not used for a long time C. This typewriter has been not used for a long time D. This typewriter has not been used for a long time 31. Who established that museum? A. Who was established that museum? B. Was that museum established by who? C. By whom was that museum established? D. Did that museum establish by whom? 32. They think that someone started the fire on purpose A. Someone is thought to start the fire on purpose B. They think that the fire which was started by someone on purpose C. The fire is thought to be started on purpose D. The fire is thought to have been started on purpose 33. Some scientists report that dolphins have a brain capacity larger than human beings‟ A. A brain capacity larger than human beings‟ that dolphins have to be reported B. Dolphins are reported having a brain capacity larger than human beings‟ C. Dolphins are reported to have a brain capacity larger than human beings‟ D. Dolphins are reported that they have a brain capacity larger than human beings‟ III. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting. 34. Great singers of the world can be hearing at the Sydney Opera House A B C D 35. Don‟t all of us want to be loved and need by other people? A B C D 36. The price of rice exports will been increased by the government. A B C D 37. Does Dr. Brown mind calling at home if his patients need his help. A B C D 38. Most of the jobs in the manufacturing factories will take over by robots. A B C D 39. I discovered that many strange things were happened last night. A B C D 40. He was seen go to the beach with some other people. A B C D Period 4 VOCABULARY: ANTONYMS Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions. 1. We have to husband our resources to make sure we make it through these hard times. A. spend B. manage C. use up D. marry 2. I find it hard to work at home because there are too many distractions. A. attention B. unawareness C. unconcern D. carelessness. 3. Televisions are a standard feature in most hotel rooms. A. abnormal B. common C. customary D. typical 4 We offer a speedy and secure service of transferring money in less than 24 hours. A. uninterested B. unsure C. slow D. open 5. The Gibbon, Great Sandy, and Tarami Deserts comprise an enormous sandy area. A. very small B. a lot of C. a few D. very large 6. You shouldn‟t wear casual clothes to an interview. A. formal B. informal C. beautiful D. fashionable 7. He decided not to buy the fake watch and wait until he had more money. A. authentic B. forger C. faulty D. original 8. Her father likes the head cabbage rare. A. over-boiled B. precious C. scarce D. scare 9. I realized I‟d put on weight when my trousers started to feel a bit tight. A. become thinner B. gain weight C. lost weight D. get lost 10.The websites sent me weekly recipes of healthy diet meals, but also recommended that I should cut down on the actual portion size, and obviously cut out junk food, sweets, fizzy drinks, etc. A. eat, drink or use more of something. B. eat, drink or use less of something. C. eat, drink or use much of something. D. eat, drink or use little of something. 11. There are several different kinds of faults in reading which are usually more exaggerated with 7
8. foreign learners. A. overestimated B. understated C. overemphasized D. undertaken 12. Whatever the activity level, all types of hobbies can require high levels of expertise. A. incapable B. incompetence C. expertness D. skillfulness 13. They have not made any effort to integrate with the local community. A. cooperate B. put together C. separate D. connect 14. If you are at a loose end this weekend, I will show you round the city. A. free B. confident C. occupied D. reluctant. 15 Because Jack defaulted on his loan, the bank took him to court. A. failed to pay B. paid in full C. had a bad personality D. was paid much money 16. I could see the finish line and thought I was home and dry. A. hopeless B. hopeful C. successful D. unsuccessful 17. The International Organizations are going to be in a temporary way in the country. A. soak B. permanent C. complicated D. guess 18. The US troops are using much more sophisticated weapons in the Far East. A. expensive B. complicated C. simple and easy to use D. difficult to operate 19. In remote communities, it's important to replenish stocks before the winter sets in. A. remake B. empty C. refill D. repeat 20. The young are now far more materialistic than their precedents years ago. A. monetary B. greedy C. spiritual D. object - oriented 21. She had a cozy little apartment in Boston. A. uncomfortable B. warm C. lazy D. dirty 22. Population growth rates vary among regions and even among countries within the same region. A. fluctuate B. stay unchanged C. restrain D. remain unstable 23. His career in the illicit drug trade ended with the police raid this morning . A. elicited B. irregular C. secret D. legal 24. Fruit and vegetables grew in abundance on the island. The islanders even exported the surplus. A. large quantity B. small quantity C. excess D. sufficiency 25. During the five- decade history the Asian Games have been advancing in all aspects. A. holding at B. holding back C. holding to D. holding by 26. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. A. explicit B. implicit C. obscure D. odd 27. A chronic lack of sleep may make us irritable and reduces our motivation to work. A. uncomfortable B. responsive C. calm D. miserable 28. Population growth rates vary among regions and even among countries within the same region. A. restrain B. stay unchanged C. remain unstable D. fluctuate 29. Unless the two signatures are identical, the bank won‟t honor the check. A. similar B. different C. fake D. genuine 30. Strongly advocating health foods, Jane doesn‟t eat any chocolate. A. supporting B. impugning C. advising D. denying Period 5 LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS Choose the correct answer in each of the following questions. 1. - Hello, My name‟s John. - ___ to meet you. A. Please B. Pleased C. I‟m very well D. Thank you 2. A: How‟s life? –B: ___. A. Sure B. Not too bad, but very busy C. Very well, thank you D. Pleased to meet you 3. A: “Thank you for the lovely present.” – B: “___” A. Go ahead B. Not at all C. Come on D. I‟m pleased you like it 4. - What can I do for you? - ___. A. No, I can‟t B. Thanks. I‟ll do it C. Thank you. I‟m just looking it D. Yes. Do it please 5. - Congratulations! You did great. - ___. A. It‟s nice of you to say so. B. It‟s my pleasure. C. You‟re welcome. D. That‟s okay. 6. - What a lovely house you have! - ___. A. I think so B. You‟re welcome C. Thank you D. Of course 7. - ___ a happy marriage should be based on love. – I definitely agree! A. I really know B. As I see it C. Personally, I think D. Do you think 8
9. 8. Alice: “What shall we do this weekend?” Carol: “___” A. Not at all B. Oh, that‟s good C. Let‟s go out for dinner. D. No problem. 9. A: How do you do ? I‟m Peter. B:___ A. I‟m fine. Thank you. B. How do you do ? I‟m John. C. How are you? D. How‟s thing? 10. A: Do you fancy a coffee ? B:___ A. Oh, dear B. Everything is OK C. Oh, yes. I‟d love one D. How do you do? 11. Hoa: How do you usually go to school? Linh: ___ A. Two kilometers B. On foot C. Half an hour D. Five days a week 12. Anna: You really have a beautiful dress, Barbara. Barbara: Thank you, Anna. ___. A. This is your pity B. That‟s a nice compliment C. No, thanks. D. Yes, it was terrible 13. Helen: “ You won the first prize in this English contest . Congratulations!” Jane: “___” A. Thanks for your compliment . It‟s certain encouraging B. Of course . No one can beat me C. Thanks a lot . The same to you D. It is only my little attempt . 14. Linda : “ Excuse me ! Where‟s the post office ?” Maria: “___.” A. Don‟t worry B. I‟m afraid not C. Yes, I think so D. It‟s over there 15. A: “ Bye” B: “___.” A. Thank you B. Meet you again C. See you later D. See you lately 16. David: “Merry Christmas!” –Jason: “___” A. You are the same! B. Same for you! C. The same to you D. Happy Christmas with you! 17. A: ___? –B: Once a week A. How often do you go shopping B. How much do you want C. Are you sure D. When will you get there 18. A: “___.” –B: “It‟s doesn‟t matter .” A. Sorry, I‟m late B. What a pity ! C. It‟s very nice D. Can I help you ? 19. A: “May I take a seat here? ” –B: “___ .” A. I am not sure B. Yes, do please C. That‟s a good idea D. I‟m glad you do 20. We all said, “ ___!” before Ba blew out the candles on his birthday cake. A. Happy anniversary B. Happy New Year C. Happy birthday to you D. Congratulations. 21. “ You look nice in that red shirt” “ ___.” A. It‟s nice of you to say so B. Am I? Thanks. C. That sounds like fun D. I am interesting to hear that. 22. Let‟s jogging. “- Sorry. ___” A. I quite agree with you. B. Yes, let‟s do that. C. Great! D. That‟s a good idea, but I am busy 23. “ Let‟s go to the movie now.” – “ Oh! ___ .” A. Good idea! B. I don‟t C. Why‟s that? D. I need it 24. Mary: “ Whose bicycle is that?” Tom: “___ .” A. No, it‟s over there B. It‟s Jane‟s C. It‟s just outside D. It‟s your 25. “ I think married women should not go to work. How about you?”- “ ___ nonsense!” A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 26. Peter: “ How often do you go to school?” Harry: “___ .” A. I go there early B. Everyday except Sunday C. I don‟t think so D. I go there by bus 27. A : “ Could I speak to Susie May , please ?” B : “___” A. Speaking B. Talking C. Saying D. Answering 28. “ Do you mind if I use your bike ?” “ ___ .” A. No, you don‟t B. Yes , It‟s my pleasure. C. Yes, you do D. No, you can use it 29. I‟m sorry. It‟s late. I must go now. - ___. A. You are welcome B. Hello C. Not at all D. Good bye. See you soon 30. What‟s the matter with you?- ___ A. I‟m fine, thanks B. I‟ve got a headache C. Are you free ? D. All are correct. 31. What a lovely hat you have! – Thanks. ___ . 9
10. A. That‟s OK B. I don‟t care C. certainly D. I‟m glad you like it 32. Ann: Do you think you‟ll get the job?- Mary: ___ A. I know so B. Well, I hope so C. I think not D. Yes, that‟s right 33. A: Excuse me, What‟s the time? B: Sorry. I___ . A. don‟t see B. know C. don‟t have a watch D. won‟t know 34. “Oh, I‟m sorry I‟m late !”. - “___” A. Don‟t mind it B. It was a pleasure C. That‟s all right D. You are welcome 35. - “What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary!” - “___.” A. You are telling a lie B. I don‟t like your sayings C. Thank you for your compliment D. Thank you very much. I am afraid 36. "Would you like to join our volunteer group this summer?" - "___" A. Do you think I would? B. I wouldn't. Thank you. C. Yes, you're a good friend. D. Yes, I'd love to. Thanks. 37. “ How‟s everything at school?” “ ___. I have to study late nearly every night.” A. So so and relaxing B. Oh, I‟m fine, thanks. C. Okay or not too bad D. Fine, but I‟m very busy. 38. Clara:” Would you mind helping me with these heavy boxes?” Tim:” ___” A. My God! B. Yes, I would! C. Not at all! D. What a pity! 39. “That‟s a nice shirt you‟re wearing.” “___” A. That‟s nice B. I like it C. I‟m glad you like it. D. That‟s all right. 40. – “ Thank a lot for your help.” – “ ___ .” A. My pleasure B. You shouldn‟t care C. It was easy work D. My happiness 41. A : “ What do you think I should do ?” B : “ ___.” A. I‟m sorry I really don‟t know B. I know nothing C. I‟d love to D. It‟s Okay 42. A : “ Do you mind if I open the window ?” B : “ ___ .” A. Yes, it is . All right B. I‟d rather you didn‟t C. Yes, of course D. No, thanks 43. Lisa “ “ I fail my driving test again .” Sam : “ ___ .” A. Good luck to you B. That‟s a good idea C. That sounds like fun D. Better luck next time 44. “What do you think about Jane?” “___” A. I forgot all about her. B. She‟s sweet and gentle. C. She went to Paris. D. No, I don‟t. 45. Lisa : “ Come on , Bob . Time for bed !” Bob : “ ___.” A. No, I am not B. No, thanks C. Really ? What is it ? D. Already ? 46. A : “ ___” B : “ Lucky you !” A. The weather last night was terrible B. The test was really difficult C. I‟m off to Paris D. I was busy all day 47. Mike : “Our living standards have been improved greatly.” Susan : “___” A. Thank you for saying so B. Sure. I couldn‟t agree more. C. No, it‟s nice to say so. D. Yes, it‟s nice of you to say so. 48. - “Do you feel like going to the stadium this afternoon?” - “ ___ “ A. I don‟t agree. I‟m afraid. B. I feel very bored C. You‟re welcomed D. That would be great 49. “Thank you for taking the time to come here in person.” “___” A. It‟s my pleasure B. I don‟t know what time that person comes C. I‟d love to come. What time? D. Do you have time for some gossip? 50. “I have a terrible headache.” “ ___” A. Maybe I‟m not going to the doctor‟s. B. Not very well. Thanks C. Maybe you should take a rest. D. Not bad. I‟m not going to the doctor‟s. 51. “Do you want me to help you with those suitcase?” “___” A. Of course, not for me B. No, I can‟t help you now. C. No, those aren‟t mine. D. No, I can manage them myself. 52. “Have you ever spoken English to a native speaker?” “___” A. Yes. I talked to an English girl last summer B. Well, it made me more interested in learning English C. I think it‟s difficult to talk to a native speaker D. No, I don‟t like. 53. “What do you think of the General Knowledge Quiz?” “___” 10
11. A. I think it isn‟t mine. B. It‟s great. It‟s an opportunity to test my general knowledge. C. It depends on the participants. D. Of course, I can manage them 54. “What‟s the best place to eat lunch?” “___” A. I‟ll have soup, please B. There‟s a great restaurant at the corner of the street. C. I usually eat lunch at twelve D. Twelve would be convenient. 55. “Maybe you can take a vacation next month.” “___” A. Nothing special B. You are welcome. C. It‟s very expensive. D. I don‟t think so. I‟m teaching all summer. 56. “What do you think of your new DVD player?” “___” A. I love it B. My brother gave it to me. C. It was a gift from my brother. D. I always put it there. 57. A: “ We‟re happy you invite us for dinner .” B : “ ___.” A. That‟s OK B. What a mess ! C. My pleasure D. That‟s all right 58. –“More coffee? Anybody? “ - “___” A. I don‟t agree, I‟m afraid. B. I‟d love to C. Yes, please. D. It‟s right, I think. 59. Ann: "What do you usually do on Sundays?"- Mary: "___." A. I used to drive to work B. I‟m not doing anything C. I usually sleep until noon D. I‟d be sleeping all day 60. A : ___?” B : “ ___ , Yes, a bit cold , though .” A. Cold weather , isn‟t it ? B. Bad weather ,don‟t you think C. Freezing , isn‟t it D. Nice day, isn‟t it Period 6 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME A. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (Adverbial clause of time / Time-clause) thường được kết hợp với mệnh đề chính bằng các liên từ thời gian (conjunctions of time) sau: when, while, as, as soon as, until/til, after, before, since, once, whenever, the moment, no sooner than, hardly when B. Use of tenses in the Time-clause: Chúng ta có thể phân biệt cách dùng thì trong mệnh đề chỉ thời gian theo 3 nhóm sau: 1. Main clause (Present simple) + Time clause (Present simple, present progressive or present perfect) * C hai m u dùng thì hi n t ch I normally stay at hom when it rains ả ệnh đề đề ệ ại đơn để ỉ một thói quen ở hiện tại * M ch th i gian dùng v i thì hi n t i ti p He usually sings aloud when he is having a bath. ệnh đề ỉ ờ ớ ệ ạ ế diễn dùng để chỉ tính liên tục của hành động. He only goes out for a walk after he has had dinner. * Mệnh đề thời gian dùng với thì hiện tại hoàn Or: He only goes out for a walk after he has thành để nhấn mạnh sự hoàn tất của một hành dinner. động. 2. Main clause (Future tenses) + Time clause (Present simple or present perfect) - I‟m going to wait until you finish work * Mệnh đề chính: Thì tương lai. - I am going to wait until you have finished work. * Mệnh đề thời gian: có thể dùng thì hiện tại đơn - We will go until you finish work. hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành. - We will go until you have finished work. * Mệnh đề chính: Thì tương lai hoàn thành để chỉ - The film will have already begun by the time we việc gì sẽ hoàn tất trước một việc gì khác trong get to the cinema. tương lai. * Mệnh đề thời gian: Thường dùng với thì hiện tại đơn. 3. Main clause (past simple, past progressive or past perfect) + time clause (past simple, past progressive, or past perfect) - She became speechless whenever she met a stranger. * Cả hai mệnh đề dùng thì quá khứ đơn để chi - I usually felt cold when I was afraid. một thói quen trong quá khứ. - The sun was shining when we arrived there. * Mệnh đề chính: dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, để - The accident happened while he was driving nói điều gì đang diễn ra thì một việc khác làm home. gián đoạn. - My wife was cooking while I was looking after the baby. * Cả hai mệnh đề đều dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn - As the man was running away, the dog was để chỉ hai hành động cùng đồng thời diễn ra chasing him. trong khoảng thời gian. * Hai m u dùng thì quá kh di n - When I arrived, Anne made a cup of tea. ệnh đề đề ứ đơn để ễ tả hai hành động kế tiếp nhau (= khi tôi đến thì 11
12. Ann mới đi pha trà). - When / Before I arrived, Anne had made some * Mệnh đề chính dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành để biscuits. nói một hành động đã hoàn tất trước một hành Or: Anne had made some biscuits when/before I động khác trong quá khứ (=Khi tôi đến thì Anne arrived. đã làm xong bánh qui). * Chú ý: Khi dùng since, chúng ta thường dùng thì trong hai mệnh đề như sau: Main clause (present perfect) + Time clause (past simple). Ví dụ: - Tommy has made good progress since he came to this school. - Since she graduated from college, she has changed her job three times. Các ví dụ khác với mệnh đề thời gian: - I still feel tired when I wake up in the morning. - His hands shake whenever he takes a photo. - The moment/ As soon as I know the result, I‟ll call you. - He had an accident while he was driving to work. - He didn‟t go home until he had finished his work. Chú ý: a) Hầu hết các thì đều được dùng trong mệnh đề thời gian, ngoại trừ các thì tương lai (future tenses). Ví dụ: - I‟ll ask Brian about this when I meet him tomorrow. (Not: I‟ll ask Brian about this when I will meet him tomorrow.) - Lily intended to tell Gary the truth when she saw him the next day. (Not: Lily intended to tell Gary the truth when she would see him the next day). b) Chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ đơn đối với mệnh đề thời gian sau SINCE trong cấu trúc: It is + Time + since + Subject + Past simple. Ví dụ: - It‟s ages since I enjoyed myself so much. (= I haven‟t enjoyed myself so much for ages) Đôi khi người ta cũng dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành sau SINCE trong cấu trúc này. Ví dụ: - It‟s ages since I have enjoyed myself so much. c) No sooner than và Hardly when: Chúng ta thường dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành trong mệnh đề chính và thì quá khứ đơn trong mệnh đề thời gian với no sooner than / hardly when. Ví dụ: - She had no sooner drunk the coffee than she began to feel drowsy. - I had hardly turned on my computer when there was a power cut. Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng thì hiện tại đơn với no sooner than / hardly when để diễn tả thói quen hoặc việc thường xuyên xảy ra. Ví dụ: - They no sooner stop a quarrel than they start a new one. - He hardly makes any money when he spends it on gambling. Chú ý: Hardly có thể được thay thế bằng scarcely hoặc barely, nhưng không thông dụng lắm. Ví dụ: - He had scarcely/ barely bought a new cellphone when he got it lost. EXERCISES I. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 1. Lan has learnt English since she___ a small girl. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been 2. Don‟t go anywhere until I___ back. A. come B. came C. will come D. am coming 3. Before cars___, people___ horses and bicycles. A. were discovered/ had used B. discovering/ had used C. had discovered/ used D. discovered/ had used 4. I am going to speak with the boss when the meeting ___. A. will end B. ends C. is ending D. would end 5. When we___ him tomorrow, we will remind him of that. A. will see B. see C. am seeing D. saw. 6. When he comes, I___ her the news. A. tell B. will tell C. would tell D. would have told 7. When the police came, they ___. A. are fighting B. fought C. would be fighting D. were fighting 8. Before she came to England, she ___ English. 12
13. A. studied B. will study C. had studied D was studying 9. I have lost touch with him ___ He left for London. A. as soon as B. after C. before D. since 10. My mother is washing the dishes ___ my father is watching television. A. when B. while C. as D. since 11. ___, I will give him the report. A. When he will return B. When he returns C. Until he will return D. No sooner he returns 12. ___ the firemen arrived to help, we had already put out the fire. A. Until B. No sooner C. By the time D. After 13. I have earned my own living ___ I was seven. A. since B. when C. while D. as soon as 14. saw many beautiful birds ___ in the lake. A when we are fishing B. while fishing C. while fished D. fishing 15. ___, Peter came to see me. A. While having dinner B. While I was having dinner C. When having dinner D. When lam having dinner 16. ___ my homework, I went to bed. A. After I had finished B. After finished C. Finished D. After had finished 17. ___ the dance, Jerry said good-bye to his girlfriend. A. Before left B. Before he leaves C. Before leaving D. Before he will leave 18. Jones ___ after everyone ___. A. speaks / will eat B. will speak / has eaten C. is speaking / eats D. has spoken / will have eaten 19. ___, Joe stays in bed and reads magazines. A. Whenever raining B. As it will be raining C. When it will rain D. Whenever it rains 20. ___ in Rome than he was kidnapped. A. No sooner he arrived B. Had he no sooner arrived C. No sooner had he arrived D. No sooner he had arrived 21. ___ Peter gets here, we will congratulate him. A. As soon as B. After C. No sooner D. Since 22. Mrs. Pike ___ the door before the customers arrived. A. had opened B. will open C. would open D. has open 23. After Mariana ___ her exam, I ___ her out to eat. A. was finishing / would take B. finished / had taken C. will finish / have taken D. has finished / will take 24. Mary will have finished all her work ___. A. as soon as her boss returned B. until her boss will return C. by the time her boss returns D. when he-r boss will return 25. She went on crying, with her head sunk into a pillow, and cried and cried ___ the pillow was wet through. A. before B. after C. until D. while 26. ___ you finish typing that report make five copies of it and give it to aloof the officers. A. While B. When C. But D. Although 27. When the passenger ___, will you please give him this package? A. will arrive B. arrives C. would arrives D. arriving 28. They were playing in the garden when___. A. they have heard a scream B. they were hearing a scream C. they heard a scream D. they had heard a scream 29. He cleaned his shoes___ they shone. A. when B. after C. while D. until 30. I had no sooner lit the barbecue ___ it started to rain. A. as B. while C. than D. that 31. When the paint___ it‟ll change from a light to a deep red. A. dry B. dries C. dried D. will dry 32. When___ older I‟d love to be an artist. A. I‟m B. I‟ll be C. was D. have been 33. By the time he retires, he___ $20,000. A. will save B. has saved C. had saved D. will have saved 34. When I___ here for fifteen years I'll be entitled to a pension. A. work B. am working C. have worked D. had worked 13
14. II. Identify the underlined part that needs correction. 1. When it raining, I usually go to school by bus. A B C D 2. I learned a lot of Japanese while I am in Tokyo. A B C D 3. I have not been well since I return home. A B C D 4. I‟ll stay here until will you get back. A B C D 5. When Sam was in New York, he stays with his cousins. A B C D 6. Last night, I had gone to bed after I had finished my homework. A B C D 7. I will call you before I will come over. A B C D 8. Ever since I was a child, I had been afraid of dogs. A B C D 9. By the time I left my apartment this morning, someone looked for me. A B C D 10. Whenever Mark will be angry, his nose gets red. A B C D 11. I had fried chicken when I am at the restaurant. A B C D 12. The first time that I went to New York, I go to an opera. A B C D 13. Before I arrived, he was talking on the phone. A B C D 14. When she will see him tomorrow, she will ask him. A B C D 15. As I was walking home, it begin to rain. A B C D 16. We stayed there after we finished our work. A B C D 17. Once it will stop raining, we will leave. A B C D 18. I will never speak to him again as long as I will live. A B C D 19. As soon as the other passengers gets on the bus, we‟ll leave. A B C D 20. As soon as I will finish my report, I‟ll call you and we‟ll go out to dinner. A B C D 21. Mark was listening to music after his sister was reading a book. A B C D 22. Sam hadn‟t received the parcel when I speak to him. A B C D 23. I have been hoping to meet you before I read your first novel. A B C D 24. By the time you finishes getting ready, we will have missed the train. A B C D 25. When you will arrive, there will be someone to meet. A B C D III. Choose the correct sentence which has the same meaning as the given one. 1. Michael took a deep breath and dived into the water. A. After Michael had taken a deep breath, he dived into the water. B. Having taken a taken a deep breath, Michael dived into the water. C. After Michael had taken a deep breath, he had dived into the water. D. A and B are correct. 2. Someone knocked on the door during my lunchtime. A. I had lunch when someone knocked on the door. B. When I had had lunch, someone knocked on the door. C. I was having lunch when someone was knocking on the door. D. I was having lunch when someone knocked on the door. 14
15. 3. After locking the door of the shop, she left. A. She didn‟t leave as soon as she locked the door of the shop. B. She didn‟t leave before she locked the door of the shop. C. She didn‟t leave until she locked the door of the shop. D. She left before she locked the door of the shop. 4. She didn‟t say a word when she left the room. A. She left the room, saying a word B. Leaving the room, she said nothing. C. She left the room without saying a word D. B and C are correct. 5. Julia cleaned the house. Then she fell asleep on the sofa. A. After falling asleep on the sofa, Julia cleaned the house. B. After cleaning the house, Julia fell asleep on the sofa. C. Julia cleaned the house so that she could sleep on the sofa. D. Julia fell asleep on the sofa while she was cleaning the house. 6. During my dinner, the phone rang. A. The phone rang and I had dinner. B. The phone rang right after my dinner time. C. The phone began to ring as soon as my dinner was served. D. While I was having dinner, the phone rang. 7. We had to put off our wedding until September. A. It was not until September that our wedding had to be put off. B. Not until September did we have to put off our wedding. C. Our wedding until September had to be postponed. D. Our wedding had to be postponed until September. 8. As soon as he arrived at the airport, he called home. A. He arrived at the airport sooner than he had expected. B. No sooner had he arrived at the airport than he called home. C. Calling home, he said that he had arrived at the airport. D. He arrived at the airport and called me to take him home. 9. When you are going to foreign countries, you should get medical advice first A. Before gone to foreign countries, you should get medical advice first. B. Before getting medical advice, you're going to foreign countries. C. You should get medical advice before you will go to foreign countries. D. Before going to foreign countries, you should get medical advice first. 10. / won't agree until John's apologized. A. I only agree when John will apologize. B. I wait for John apologize to agree. C. Only when John's apologized will I agree. D. Only when John's apologized I will agree. 11. It was breakfast time that Susan rang to me. A. When Susan rang to, me I had finished my breakfast. B. Susan rang to me after I had had my breakfast. C. When Susan rang to me, I was having my breakfast. D. I was going to have my breakfast when Susan rang to me. 12. The last time I went swimming was when I met you in Ha Long. A. I swam a lot when I was in Ha Long. B. I hadn't been swimming before I went to Ha Long. C. I haven't been swimming since I met you in Ha Long. D. I went swimming while I was in Ha Long. 13. She hasn't seen her uncle for years. A. She didn't see her uncle for a long time. B. It's years ago she has seen her uncle. C. It's the last time she saw her uncle. D. It's years since she last saw her uncle 14. / have never seen a romantic film. A. This is the first time I saw a romantic film. B. This is the first time I have seen a romantic film. C. This is this first romantic film I saw. D. This is the first romantic film I had seen. 15. I bumped into her during my stay in London. A. I ran into her while I was staying in London. B. I kept in touch with her during my stay in London. C. I saw her while I was staying in London. D. I ran over her while I was in London. 16. I will ring you the moment I receive my result. A. As soon as I receive my result, I will phone you. B. Sooner or later after I receive my result, I will give you a ring. 15
16. C. After receiving my result, I will call you, D. I make you a phone when I gets my result. 17. We had hardly arrived the theater when the performance began. A. The performance had started before we arrive the theater. B. The performance started sooner than we arrived the theater. C. When we arrived the theater, the performance had already started. D. No sooner had we arrived the theater than the performance began. 18. Travelling in a plane always makes me nervous. A. I'm always nervous if travel in the air. B. I'm never nervous when I travel by air. C. I'm always nervous when I travel by air. D. I'm always nervous when I travel by the plane. Period 7 COMPARISONS Comparisons Forms Examples Positive: Thể khẳng định. - Tom is as tall as his friend. - AS + short ADJ/ADV + AS - Lan is as beautiful as Hoa. 1/Equal Comparison - AS + long ADJ/ADV + AS (So sánh bằng) Negative: Th ph nh. ể ủ đị - Bill is not so tall as Binh. - NOT + SO(AS) + short ADJ/ADV + AS - Lan is not as beautiful as Thu. - NOT + SO(AS) + long ADJ/ADV + AS 1. short ADJ/ADV + ER + THAN - I am taller than Mary. 2. MORE + long ADJ/ADV + THAN - I am more beautiful than Daisy. 3. Good/Well - Better - He is better than his brother. Bad/Badly - Worse 2/Comparative Many/Much - More (So sánh hơn) Little - Less Far - Farther/Further 3/Comparision of 4. - LESS + short ADJ/ADV+THAN - Hanoi is less big than HCM city Inferiority - LESS + long ADJ/ADV+THAN - This film is less interesting than (So sánh kém) the one we saw last night. 1. THE + short ADJ/ADV + EST - Tom is the tallest boy. 2 THE + MOST + long ADJ/ADV - Tom is the most intelligent boy. 3. Good/Well – the best 4/Superlative Bad/Badly the worst – (So sánh nhất) Many/Much the most – - Peter is the best boy. Little – the least Far – the farthest/the furthest 1. S+V+ short ADJ+ER and short ADJ + ER - She is taller and taller. 2. S+ V+ MORE and MORE + long ADJ - She is more and more studious. 5/Double 3. THE + short ADJ + ER + S +V, THE + - The fatter they get, the weaker comparison short ADJ+ ER+ S+V. they feel. (So sánh kép) 4. THE + MORE+ long ADJ + S+ V, THE + - The more comfortable the house MORE + long ADJ+ S+ is, the more expensive it is. 6/ Notes 1. Hot >Hotter >Hottest - Today is hotter than yesterday. (Ghi chú) 2. Large >Larger >Largest - This city is larger than that one. 3. Happy >Happier >Happiest - He is easier than his father. 4. Clever >Cleverer >Cleverest - She is cleverer than her sister. EXERCISES I. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D that best completes each sentence. 1. ___ you study for these exams, ___ you will do. a. The harder / the better b. The more / the much c. The hardest / the best d. The more hard / the more good, 2. My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that ___ it is at night, ___ he plays his music! a. the less / the more loud b. the less / less c. the more late / the more loudlier d. the later / the louder 3. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become ___. a. more and more good b. better arid better c. the more and more good d. gooder and gooder 16
17. 4. The Sears Tower is ___ building in Chicago. a. taller b. the more tall c. the tallest d. taller and taller 5. Petrol is ___ it used to. a. twice as expensive as b. twice expensive more than c. twice more than expensive d. more expensive than twice 6. San Diego is town in Southern California. a. more nice and nice b. the nicer c. the nicest d. nicer and nicer 7. It gets ___ when the winter is coming. a. cold and cold b. the coldest and coldest c. colder and colder d. more and more cold 8. Robert does not have ___ Peter does. a. money more than b. as many money as c. more money as d. as much money as 9. The Mekong Delta is ___ deltas in Vietnam. a. the largest of the two b. the more larger of the two c. one of the two largest d. one of the two larger 10. People should eat ___ and do ___ to reduce the risk of heart disease. a. less fat / more exercise b. less and less fat / the more exercise c. the less fat / the more exercise d. fatter / more exercise 11. He spent a year in India and loves spicy food. ___ the food is, ___ he likes it. a. The hotter / the more and more b. The hotter / the more c. The more and more hot / the more d. The hottest / the most 12. Of course you can come to the party. ___. a. The more the merrier b. The more and the merrier c. The more and merrier d. The more and more merrier 13. I feel ___ I did yesterday. a. much more tired than b. many more tired than c. as many tired as d. as more tired as 14. She is ___ a spectator. a. more an athlete than b. more of an athlete than c. an athlete more than d. an athlete of more than 15. ___ live in Ho Chi Minh City than in the whole of the rest of the country. a. As much as people b. More people c. As many as people d. People more 16. It gets ___ to understand what the professor has explained. a. the more difficult b. more difficult than c. difficult more and more d. more and more difficult 17. You must drive slower in built up areas. ___ you drive in the city, it is ___ that you will have an accident. a. The faster and faster / the more b. The faster / the more probable c. The more and more fast / the more and more probable d. The more fastly / the probable 18. The party was ___ I had expected. a. more a hundred times fun than b. a hundred times fun more than c. a hundred times more fun than d. more fun than a hundred times 19. He finds physics ___ other science subjects. a. far more difficult than b. many more difficult than c. too much more difficult than d. more much difficult than 20. ___ he drank, ___ he became. a. More / more violent b. The most / the most violent c. The more / the more violent d. The less / less violent 21. The cuisine of France is ___. a. more famous than that of England b. famous than the cuisine of England c. more famous than which of England d. as famous than that of England 22. Earning money has always been the thing that pleases him most. ___ he becomes, ___he is. a. The more rich / the more happy b. The richest / the happiest c. The richer / the happier d. Richer and richer / happier and happier 23. The fast we finish, ___. a. the sooner we can leave b. we can leave sooner and sooner c. the sooner can we leave d. we can leave the sooner 24. Of all athletes, Alex is ___. a. the less qualified b. the less and less qualified 17
18. c. the more and more qualified d. the least qualified, 25. The climber was seventy miles in the wrong direction and got ___. a. more panicked b. the more panicked c. more than panicked d. more and more panicked II. Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one. 26. There are more sports competed in this SEA Games than in last SEA Games. a. The sports competed ill this SEA Games are the same as those in last SEA Games. b. Not as many sports were competed in last SEA Games as in this SEA Games. c. In the last SEA Games there were some sports which were not competed. d. In this SEA Games, there are less sports competed than in last SEA Games. 27. No one in the team can play better than John. a. John plays well but the others play better. b. John as well as other players of the team plays very well. c. Everyone in the team, but John, plays very well. d. John is the best player of the team. 28. He only feels happy whenever he does not have much work to do. a. The more he works, the happier he feels. b. The less he works, the happier he feels. c. His work makes him feel happy. d. He feels happier and happier with his work. 29. More petrol is consumed nowadays than ten years ago. a. Not so much petrol was consumed ten years ago as nowadays. b. Petrol consumption is going down nowadays. c. We had more petrol ten years ago than we do nowadays. d. We should consume as much petrol as possible. 30. I learn a lot but I cannot remember anything. a. I learn more and more and remember more and more. b. The less I learn, the more I remember. c. The more I learn, the less I remember. d. I remember not only what I have learnt. 31. If it rains and rains, you feel more like not going out. a. The more you like going out, the more it rains. b. The more it rains, the more you feel like going out. c. The more it rains, the less you feel like going out. d. The less it rains, the more you feel like going out. 32. The harder my father works, the less time he spends with the family. a. My father spends much time working with the family. b. My father enjoys his work so much that he works so hard. c. The more time my father spends with the family, the happier he feels. d. My father doesn‟t spend much time with the family as he works so hard. III. Choose the incorrect part indicated by A, B, C, and D in the following sentences. 33. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become gooder and gooder. a b c d 34. Not as many children reads books as a recreational activity than they used to. a b c d 35. Everyone likes reading more better than usual when they like the subject. a b c d 36. The more difficult the task is, the more challenging is it. a b c d 37. As it was getting dark, it was becoming more and more difficulty to see everything in the house a b c without electricity. d 38. According to optimists, in the future we will live in a much clean environment, breathing fresher a b c air, and eating healthier food. d 39. It is said that young Asians are not as romance than their American counterparts. a b c d 40. The first SEA Games were held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 12 to 17 December,1959 comprising a b c more and more 527 athletes and officials d 18
19. Period 8 PHRASAL VERBS Ngữ động từ là động từ kép gồm có một động từ và một giới từ, trạng từ hoặc với cả hai. Các ngữ động từ không có nghĩa do các từ gộp lại nên ta phải học thuộc nghĩa của chúng. Ví dụ : turn down (bác bỏ), break down (hỏng máy), give up (từ bỏ) Ngữ động từ có thể phân biệt làm bốn loại : 1. Ngữ động từ tách ra được (separable phrasal verbs) là các ngữ động từ cho phép tân ngữ chen vào ở giữa. Ví dụ : + We put out the fire. = We put the fire out + We put it out (không được nói “We put out it” ) 2. Ngữ động từ không tách ra được (inseparable phrasal verbs ) là các ngữ động từ không cho phép tân ngữ chen vào ở giữa, dù tân ngữ là danh từ hay đại từ. + We should go over the whole project. + We should go over it. 3. Ngoài ra, ta còn gặp ngữ động từ không có tân ngữ (intransitive phrasal verbs). + When we got to the airport, the plane had taken off. 4. Ngữ động từ gồm có từ (three-word phrasal verbs) là các ngữ động từ không thể tách ra được. + We‟ve put up with our noisy neighbours four years. + The machine stopped working because it ran out of fuel.  Các giới từ và trạng từ thông dụng trong ngữ động từ : Down (xuống đất) : cut down a tree, pull down a building, knock him down Down ( lên giấy) : write down the number, copy down the addres, note down a lecture Down (giảm bớt) : turn down the volume, slow down, ( a fire) that đie down Down ( ngừng hoạt động hoàn toàn) : break down, close down Off (rời khỏi) : set off a journey, a plane that took off, see a friend off at the airport, sell goods off cheaply, a book cover that came off. Off (làm gián đoạn) : turn off/switch off the television, cut off the electricity On ( mặc, mang vao) : have a shirt on, put the shoes on, try a coat on On (tiếp tục) : keep on doing sth, work on late, hang on/hold on On (kết nối) : turn on/switch on the light, leave the radio on Out (biến mất) : put out a fire, blow out the candle, wipe out the dirt, cross out the word Out (hoàn toàn, đến hết) : clean out the table, fill out a form, work out the answer Out (phân phát) : give out/hand out copies, share out the flood between them Out (lớn giọng) : read out all the names, shout out, cry out, speak out Out (rõ ràng) : make out the meanings, point out a mítake, pick out the best Over (từ đầu đến cuối) : read over/check over sth, think over/talk over a problem, go over a report Up (làm gia tăng) : turn up the volume, blow up/pump up a tyre, step up production Up (hoàn toàn, hết sạch) : eat/drink it up, use up sth, clear up/tidy up the mess EXERCISES I. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. When the police investigate a crime, they ___ evidence such as fingerprints, hair, or clothing. A. look after B. look up to C. look for D. look into 2. “Do you ___ your new roommate, or do you two argue?” A. keep in touch with B. get along with C. on good terms with D. get used to 3. After months of testing, the Russian space scientists ___ a space suit that works better than any other in history. A. came up B. came up with C. came up to D. came out with 4. Let‟s check our hotel room ___ before we pay for it. A. out B. away C. up D. off 5. He lost the tennis match, so we will try to cheer him ___ A. out B. away C. on D. up 6. The mechanic broke the engine ___ its many components A. up into B. into C. down into D. off into 7. The couple broke ___ their engagement after they had a huge argument. A. in B. over C. off D. away 8. The new mayor will bring ___ a change in local government policies. A. with B. out C. up D. about 9. Sahra said she took golf ___ so that she could meet more interesting people. A. on B. over C. back D. up 10. Try ___ this bicycle to determine if you feel comfortable on it. A. out B. on C. off D. at 11. She turned the first offer ___ because she wanted more money for her house. A. off B. away C. out D. down 12. They decided to name the new baby boy___ Grandpa. A. of B. after C. with D. as 19
20. 13. Mom told little boys to put all his toys ___ before coming to dinner. A. out B. off C. away D. in 14.The couple put their wedding ___ until next year. A. off B. up C. on D. away 15. The gunman told the victim to hand ___ all his money. A. out B. over C. in D. off 16. Don‟t throw your jacket on the bed. Hang it ___ A. up B. over C. on D. in 17. The supervisor told her to keep ___ the good work. A. over B. on C. with D.up 18. Man is killing ___ all the fish in the sea. A. out B. away C. off D. up 19. If you leave ___ any information, the form will be returned to you. A. down B. out C. up D. away 20. Security is very important in this building. Don‟t let anyone ___ unless they show you proper identification. A. in B. out C. off D. on 21. People who don‟t get ___ their coworkers sometimes don‟t last long at their jobs. A. up with B. along with C. on to D. by with 22. It‟s difficult to ___ luxuries when you „re used to having them A. cut down on B. cut down at C. cut off on D. cut down into 23. Governments should ___ international laws against terrorism. A. bring up B. bring about C. bring in D. bring back 24. “Can you read the sign?” “Just a minute. Let me ___ my glasses.” A. put off B. put on C. put with D. put away 25. “That old paint that you have stored in your garage is a fine hazart.” “You‟ve right. I should ___ it.” A. get away from B. get rid of C. get through with D. get along with 26. “You must be anxious to go on your vacation.” “I certainly am. I‟m really___ this trip. A. looking for B. looking forward C. looking forward to D. looking up to 27. “Who ___ out that tie for you?” “No one. I chose it myself.” A. bought B. brought C. turned D. picked 28. I was talking to my aunt when suddenly my cousin George ___ in on our conversation. A. interrupted B. broke C. went D. interviewed 29. After ten minutes, the students ___ in their quizzes to the instructor. A. gave B. had C. held D. handed 30. “What ___ your flight?” “There was a big snowstorm in Denver that delayed a lot of flights” A. delayed up B. postponed C. held up D. hung up II. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting 1. It took him a long time to take away the death of his wife. A B C D 2. Billy hasn't been working; he won't get off his examinations. A B C D 3. Gertrude takes down her mother; she has blue eyes and fair hair too. A B C D 4. The government hopes to carry on its plans for introducing cable TV. A B C D 5. Remember to take care your shoes when you are in a Japanese house. A B C D 6. Why do they give up talking about money all the time? A B C D 7. Paula applied for the post but she was turned down A B C D III. Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one. 1. The bomb exploded with a loud bang which could be heard all over the town. A. went on B. went out C. went off D. went away 2. John, could you look after my handbag while I go out for a minute. A. take part in B. take over C. take place D. take care of 3. Look out! There‟s a car coming! A. The car is behind you, so you should run. B. Don‟t go away because the car is coming. C. Hurry up or you will be late for the car. D. You should be careful because the car is coming. 4. Both Ann and her sister look like her mother. A. take after B. take place C. take away D. take on 5. I‟ll be back in a minute, Jane. I just want to try out my new tape recorder. A. resemble B. test C. arrive D. buy 6. Frank never turns up on time for a meeting. A. calls B. arrives C. reports D. prepares 20
21. 7. Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.{ put off: postpone: delay} A. do B. let C. delay D. leave 8. My father still hasn‟t really recovered from the death of my mother. A. looked after B. taken after C. gone off D. got over Period 9 INFINITIVES – GERUNDS I. Infinitive with To ( Động từ nguyên mẫu có To) được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau : 1. Chủ từ của các động từ appear , be , seem và các động từ nối khác . Ex : To save money now is necessary . 2. Bổ ngữ của động từ ( the complement of a verb ) Ex : Our duty is to study harder . 3. Tân ngữ ( Object ) “To infinitive “ được sử dụng làm tân ngữ cho các động từ sau : 1. afford : có đủ tiền 11. desire : mong ước 21. plan : có kế hoạch 2. agree : đồng ý 12. expect : mong đợi 22. pretend : giả vờ 3. appear : xuất hiện 13. fail : thất bại 23. promise : hứa 4. arrange : sắp xếp 14. happen : xảy ra 24. prepare : chuẩn bị 5. attempt : cố gắng 15. hesitate : do dự 25. refuse : từ chối 6. ask : hỏi , yêu cầu 16. hope : hy vọng 26. seem :dường như 7. choose : chọn 17. intend : có ý định 27. swear : thề 8. decide : quyêt định 18. learn : học 28. tend : có xu hướng 9. demand : đòi hỏi 19. manage : xoay xở 29. threaten : đe doạ 10. determine : quyết tâm 20. offer : đề nghị 30. want: muốn 31. wish : ao ước Ex : We hope to pass the next exam with high marks . 4. “To infinitive “ đựơc sử dụng sau một số động từ với cấu trúc : S + Verb + object + to infinitive 1. advise: khuyên 8. enable : làm cho có thể 15. permit : cho phép 2. allow : cho phép 9. encourage : động viên 16. persuade : thuyết phục 3. ask : hỏi 10. expect : mong đợi 17. tell : bảo 4. beg : nài nỉ 11. forbid : cấm 18. want : muốn 5. believe : tin tưởng 12. force : ép buộc 19. warn : cảnh báo 6. cause : gây ra 13. invite : mời 20. wish : ao ước 7. consider : xem như 14. order : ra lệnh Ex : He persuaded his parents to lend him some money . 5. “To infinitive “ được sử dụng làm tân ngữ của các tính từ và thường dùng với cấu trúc: It is + adjective + ( for sb ) + to infinitive . Ex : It is dangerous to cross the street outside the zebra crossing . 6. “To infinitive “ được dùng sau “ Too + Adjective / Adverb ( for somebody ) Ex : This job is too hard for him to do . 7. “To infinitive “ được dùng sau “ Adjective / Adverb + enough ( for somebody ) Ex : The sea was warm enough for us to swim in . 8. “To infinitive “ được dùng sau for / of Ex : I‟ll wait for you to finish our tasks . / It was kind of you to help me . 9. “To infinitive “ được sử dụng sau những từ như : “what , who , which , when , where , how “ Ex : Can you tell me how to get to the post office ? 10. “To infinitive “ được sử dụng sau danh từ hoặc đại từ để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hê . Ex : English is an important language to master. (English is an important language which we have to master) Have you got anything to read now ? ( Have you got anything that we can read now ? ) 11. “To infinitive “ được sử dụng để diễn tả mục đích hoặc kết quả . Ex : We go to school to widen our knowledge . 12. To infinitive “ được sử dụng sau động từ cost / take + túc từ Ex : It‟ll cost a lot of money to make a trip around the world . It will take many years to rebuild this ancient temple . II. Infinitive without To ( Động từ nguyên mẫu không To ) Nguyên mẫu không To được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau : 1. Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết như : “ can , may , must , will , shall “ Ex : He can speak three foreign languages . 2. Sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như: “feel, hear, see, watch, notice “ hoặc sau các động từ“ make, let“ Ex : I saw him unlock the door . a/ Nhưng những động từ này ( ngoại trừ let ) khi ở bị động phải dùng “To infinitive “ Ex : He was seen to unlock the door . / We were made to write a friendly letter . b/ Feel ,hear ,see, watch thường được theo sau bởi V-ing khi đề cập đến sự tiếp diễn của hành động . 21
22. Ex : I hear someone knocking at the front door . 3. Sau các động từ như : “ had better , would rather , would sooner “ Ex : We would rather wait till tomorrow . III. The gerund ( V- ing ) ( Danh động từ ) 1. Chủ ngữ của động từ . Ex : Learning foreign languages is very necessary . 2. Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ . Ex : Most children are fond of eating sweets . 3. Làm bổ ngữ cho động từ . Ex : His favorite sport is swimming in the river on Sundays 4. Làm tân ngữ cho động từ . Ex : We have just finished doing our work . *Các động từ theo sau bởi danh động từ ( Verb + V-ing ) : 1. ad‟mit : thừa nhận 14. I‟magine : tưởng tượng 2. a‟void : tránh né 15. in‟volve : dính dáng đến 3. a‟ppreciate : đánh giá cao 16. mind : bận tâm 4. an‟ticipate : đoán trước 17. miss : bỏ lỡ 5. be‟gin : bắt đầu 18. mention : đề cập 6. con‟sider : cân nhắc 19. „practice : thực hành 7. de‟lay : làm chậm trễ 20. pre‟vent : ngăn chận 8. de‟ny : phủ nhận 21. „postpone : trì hoãn 9. dis‟like : không thích 22. re‟gret : hối tiếc 10. en‟joy : thích thú 23. re‟call : nhớ lại 11. „finish : hoàn thành 24. risk : liều lĩnh 12. „fancy : thích 25. re‟sist : chống lại 13. keep : giữ , tiếp tục 26. su‟ggest : đề nghị Ex : He avoided answering questions . 5. V-ing được dùng sau GO : go fishing . go climbing , go swimming , go shopping Ex : My mother goes shopping on Sundays . 6. V-ing được dùng sau các cụm từ : 1. can‟t bear : không chịu được 8. don‟t mind: không phiền 2. can‟t stand : không chịu được 9. how about : còn thì sao 3. can‟t help : không thể không 10. what about : còn thì sao 4. feel like : cảm thấy 11. spend one‟s time : trãi qua thời gian 5. it‟s no good : không tốt 12. there‟s no point :chẳng có lý do 6. it‟s no use : không ích lợi 13. be worth : đáng giá 7. to be busy : bận rộn Ex : I can‟t help laughing whenever he tells a joke . / He is busy reading the newspaper . Những động từ sau đây có thể dùng (V-ing ) hoặc to- infinitive nhưng không có sự khác nhau về nghĩa 1. be‟gin : bắt đầu 5. love : yêu thích 2. con‟tinue : tiếp tục 6. pre‟fer : thích hơn 3. hate : ghét 7. start : bắt đầu 4. like : thích Ex : He began talking / to talk . He prefers staying home to going to the cinema ./ He prefers to stay home to go to the cinema . 7. Các động từ dưới đây có sự khác nhau về nghĩa khi theo sau bởi động từ có to (to- infinitive ) hoặc danh động từ Stop + V-ing : chấm dứt một việc gì Stop + to infinitive : dừng lại để làm gì Ex : He has just stopped smoking because he has a Ex : He stopped to drink a cup of coffee because he bad cough . had worked for a long time . Remember + V-ing : nhớ ( hồi tưởng ) điều gì đã Remember + to infinitive : nhớ làm gì xảy ra trong quá khứ Ex : Remember to close the door before you go to bed Ex : I clearly remember closing all the windows Forget + V-ing : quên đã làm điều gì Forget + to infinitive : quên phải làm hoặc thực hiện Ex: He forgets meeting me a few weeks ago . một trách nhiệm, nghĩa vụ hay công việc Ex : Don‟t forget to do your homework tonight ! Regret + V-ing : hối tiếc điều gì đã xảy ra trong quá Regret + to infinitive :lấy làm tiếc phải làm gì khứ Ex : I regret to tell you that you made so many Ex: He regrets spending so much money last night. mistakes . Try + V-ing : thử Try + to infinitive : cố gắng, nổ lực làm điều gì Ex : You had better try wearing the shirt before you Ex : We are trying to study hard . buy it . 22
23. Mean + V-ing : có nghĩa là Mean + to infinitive : có ý định làm gì If we catch the early train , it‟ll mean getting up at 5:30 I‟m sorry, but I didn‟t mean to hurt you . Need + V-ing :( việc gì) cần phải được làm Need + to infinitive : ( người nào ) cần phải làm The room is too dirty . It needs cleaning . việc gì You need to clean the room . It‟s too dirty Go on + V-ing : tiếp tục làm điều đang làm Go on + to infinitive : tiệp tục chuyển sang làm She went on talking about her holiday all evening một việc khác She spoke about her so , and then went on to talk about her daughter . 8. Những động từ dưới đây được dùng với hai cấu trúc khác nhau : Sau các động từ advise , allow , encourage , permit , + V-ing được dùng khi không có tân ngữ They advise walking to town . They advise me to walk to town . They do not allow smoking here . They do not allow us to smoke here . The teacher encourages doing the test . The teacher encourages us to do the test . He doesn‟t permit smoking here . He doesn‟t permit me to smoke here . IV. Passive infinitive and passive gerund . 1. Passive infinitive : To infinitive ( simple ) : ( to ) be + past participle ( V3/ V-ed ). Active Passive 1. You must keep the room tidy 1. The room must be kept tidy . 2. They can‟t solve the problem . 2. The problem can‟t be solved . 3. We expect them to invite us to the wedding 3. We expect to be invited to the wedding . 2. Passive gerund : Present : being + past participle ( V3 / V-ed ) Active Passive 1. He enjoys people admiring him . 1. He enjoys being admired . 2. We dislike people cheating us . 2. We dislike being cheated . 3. She can‟t get used to people criticizing her. 3. She can‟t get used to being criticized . Exercises: I. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences. 1. Whenever we met, Jack avoided ___ at me. a. to look b. looking c. be looked d. being looked 2. Maria needs ___ another job. Her present company is going out of business. a. being found b. to finding c. finding d. to find 3. Although Joe slammed on his brakes, he couldn‟t avoid ___ the small dog that suddenly darted out in front of his car . a. to hit b. hitting c. to be hit d. being hit 4. The aim of the culture festival is ___ friendship between the two countries. a. promote b. promoting c. to promote d. being promoted 5. If you delay ___ your bill, you will only incur more and more interest charges. a. to be paid b. being paid c. to pay d. paying 6. The company ___ holding that workshop until next month. a. planned b. arranged c. postponed d. was able 7. Did she apologize ___ late? a. being b. to be c. to have been d. for being 8. What shall we do this evening? “How ___ to that pop concert?” a. to go b. we going c. about going d. about we go 9. There‟s a good film on TV tonight. I‟m really looking forward ___ it. a. to seeing b. to see c. for seeing d. for to see 10. The new students hope ___ in many of the school‟s social activities. a. including b. being included c. to include d. to be included 11. Jack got into trouble when he refused ___ his briefcase for the customs officer. a. opening b. being opened c. to open d. to be opened 12. Barbara didn‟t mention ___ about her progress report at work, but I‟m sure she is. a. concerning b. being concerned c. to concern d. to be concerned 13. You‟d better save some money for a rainy day. You can‟t count on ___ by your parents every time you get into financial difficulty. a. rescuing b. being rescued c. to rescue d. to be rescued 14. Instead of ___ about the good news , he seemed to be indifferent . a. exciting b. being excited c. to excite d. to be excited 15. Please forgive me. I didn‟t mean ___ you. a. upsetting b. being upset c. to upset d. to be upset 16. When I told Tim the news, he seemed ___. a. surprising b. being surprised c. to surprise` d. to be surprised 17. Ms. Thompson is always willing to help , but she doesn‟t want ___at home unless there is an emergency . 23
24. a. calling b. being called c. to call d. to be called 18. I expected ___ to the party, but I wasn‟t. a. inviting b. being invited c. to invite d. to be invited 19. ___ good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream. a. Make b. Making c. To make d. For make 20. I expect ___ at the airport by my uncle. a. meeting b. being met c. to meet d. to be met 21. Mr. Smith offered ___ us to the train station. a. driving b. being drive c. to drive d. to be driven 22. Carol always wants ___ by everyone she meets . a. be admired b. being admired c. to being admired d. to be admired 23. I dislike ___ by my friends. a. deceiving b. being deceived c. to be deceived d. to deceive 24. The garden has to ___ after. a. look b. be looked c. being looked d. be looking 25. Last summer we ___to travel overland through Australia. a. enjoyed b. decided c. didn‟t mind d. suggested 26. Why are you leaving now ? You don‟t need ___ yet, do you? a. go b. to go c. going d. of going 27. It‟s a difficult problem. It needs ___ about very carefully. a. think b. to think c. thinking d. being thought 28. I don‟t remember ___ of decision to change the company policy on vacations. When was it decided? a. telling b. being told c. to tell d. to be told 29. Ms. Drake expects ___ about any revisions in her manuscript before it is printed. a. consulting b. being consulted c. to consult d. to be consulted 30. Sally gave such a good speech that I couldn‟t resist ___ loudly when she finished. a. applauding b. being applauded c. to applaud d. to be applauded II. Choose the underlined part among (a, b ,c ,d ) that needs correcting. 1. We spent a week to preparing for our concert . a b c d 2. The Nelsons asked us look over their plants for them while they were away on vacation. a b c d 3. For welcoming my foreign friends we are celebrating a big party. a b c d 4. I prefer to watch a live concert to listening to music on the radio. a b c d 5. Approximately 70 percent of all parents let their children to attend school. a b c d 6. There‟s no point to have a car if you never use it. a b c d III. Choose the answer a,b,c or d that is nearest in meaning to the sentence above. 1. We regret we cannot accept payment by credit card for sales of under $10. a. If you spend more than $10, you must pay by credit card. b. We make a charge if you pay by credit card. c. We prefer cash payment for large sale. d. If you spend less than $10, you cannot pay by credit card. 2. There‟s no point in persuading him to do it. a. He is able to do this although he does not want to. b. It would be useful to persuade him to do this. c. I enjoy persuading him to do that. d. It is useless to persuade him to do this. 3.That young man is bound to fail in this test. a. There is no way that young man can succeed in this test. b. Certainly, that young man will pass this test. c. It would be impossible for that young man to fail this test. d. That young man almost failed in this test. 4. It‟s waste of time to try to explain anything to Tony. a. Tony should be given explanation. b. It‟s not worth trying to explain anything to Tony. c. To save time, explain it to Tony. d. It‟s well worth trying to explain things to Tony. 24
25. Period 10 PRESENT/ PAST PARTICIPLES - PERFECT GERUND & PERFECT PARTICIPLES PRONOUNS “ONE(S), SOMEONE, ANYONE, NO ONE, EVERYONE” A. Present/ Past Participles - Perfect Gerund & Perfect Participles I. Present participle (Hiện tại phân từ) được dùng trong các trường hợp sau 1. Động từ trong các thì tiếp diễn Eg: She‟s cooking dinner. 2. Dùng như 1 tính từ Eg: It‟s an interesting story. 3. Thay thế cho 1 mệnh đề quan hệ Eg: The man (who is) standing next to the door is my father. 4. Thay thế hoặc rút gọn cho 1 mệnh đề (S+V) Eg: Entering the room, I saw him. 5. Dùng sau các động từ như : catch, find, leave, etc + someone, hoặc waste, spend, go, be busy, hoặc các động từ tri giác như see, hear, watch, smell, feel, observe, notice, etc Eg: I caught him climbing the fence. Don‟t leave her waiting outside in the rain. I heard him coming into the hall. II. Past Participle (Quá khứ phân từ) được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau: 1. Các thì hoàn thành (Perfect tenses) Ex1: I has already done all my homework By the time I met you, I had worked for this company for 3 month 2. Câu bị động (Passive voice) Ex: My money was stolen 3. Có chức năng như một tính từ phân từ Ex: He said to me he is a healed person from the plague This is a written construction. Please read carefully 4. Có chức năng như một động từ Ex: Lovingly taught Spanish by his mother, he eventually became a good writer 5. Có chức năng như một tính từ Ex: Fully healed of his wounds from war, he went on to become a talented politician III. Perfect Gerund And Perfect Participle A. Perfect Gerund (Danh động từ hoàn thành) 1. Hình thức: having + V3/-ed 2. Chức năng: dùng thay cho hình thức hiện tại của danh động từ khi chúng ta đề cập đến hành động trong quá khứ Ex: He was accused of having stealing their money. B. Perfect participle (Phân từ hoàn thành) 1. Hình thức: having + V3/-ed 2. Chức năng: - dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề khi hành động trong mệnh đề đó xảy ra trước Ex: He finished all his homework and then he went to bed. Having finished all his homework, he went to bed. - dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian Ex: After he had fallen from the horse back, he was taken to hospital and had an operation. After having fallen from the horse back, he was taken to hospital and had an operation. EXERCISES I. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best completes the sentence given in each of the following question. 1. Having been served lunch, ___. A. the issue of global warming was discussed by members of the committee B. the committee members discussed the issue of global warming C. it was discussed by the committee members about the issue of global warming D. a discussion of the problem was made by the committee members 2. ___ did Tim realize that there was danger. A. Upon entering the store B. When he entered the store C. After he had entered the store D. Only after entering the store 3. Considered America‟s first great architect ___. A. many of the buildings at Harvard University were designed by Henry Hobson Richardson B. Henry Hobson Richardson designed many of the buildings at Harvard University C. Harvard University has many buildings that were designed by Henry Hobson Richardson D. it was Henry Hobson Richardson who designed many of the buildings at Harvard University 4. ___ songs in a wild falsetto, Little Richard became a seminal figure in the birth of rock and roll. A. Pounding the piano and howling B. To be pounding the piano and howling 25
26. C. He pounded the piano and howling D. The piano was pounded and howled 5. ___ in 1607, Jamestown in Virginia was the first settlement in the New World. A. Founded B. It was founded C. Founding D. To be founded 6. Regarded as one of the greatest physicists, ___. A. the relationship between force and motion was first expressed by Isaac Newton B. The first to express the relationship between force and motion was Isaac Newton C. Isaac Newton was the first to express the relationship between force and motion D. it was Isaac Newton who was the first to express the relationship between force and motion 7. ___ the can, my hand was cut. A. As I was trying to open B. Having tried to open C. While trying to open D. Trying to open 8. Fearing economic hardship, ___. A. many New Englanders emigrated to the Midwest in the 1820s B. emigration from New England to the Midwest took place in the 1820s C. it was in the 1820s that many New Englanders emigrated to the Midwest D. an emigration took place in the 1820s from New England to the Midwest 9. Named for its founder, ___ in Ithaca, New York. A. in 1865 Ezra Cornell established Cornell University B. Cornell University was established in 1865 by Ezra Cornell C. it was in 1865 that Cornell University was established by Ezra Cornell D. Ezra Cornell established Cornell University in 1865 10. Located beneath the English Channel, ___. A. the Channel Tunnel is equipped with safety features B. they equip the Channel Tunnel with safety features C. it is equipped with safety features for the Channel Tunnel D. safety features are equipped for the Channel Tunnel 11. Having travelled to different parts of our country, ___. A. we have learned a lot about interesting lifestyles and customs B. we are seeing a lot about interesting lifestyles and customs C. many interesting lifestyles and customs have been learned by us D. much has been learned about interesting lifestyles and customs 12. ___, one of the most beautiful forms of performance art, ballet is a combination of dance and mime performed to music. A. Being considering B. Considering C. Considered D. To consider 13. Having opened the bottle, ___ for everyone. A. The drink was poured B. Mike poured the drink C. Mike pouring the drink D. The drink was being poured 14. ___ a scholarship, I entered the frightening and unknown territory of private education. A. To award B. Having awarded C. To be awarded D. Having been awarded 15. ___ the airport, I was very worried to find that no one ___ for me. A. On arriving at/ had waited B. On arriving in/ was waiting C. On arriving in/ had waited D. When arriving at/ was waiting II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the sentence given in each of the following question. 1. California attracted people from many countries when gold was discovered in 1849. A. Discovered in 1849, gold was attractive to people in California. B. Discovered in California in 1849, gold attracted people from many countries. C. Gold in California was discovered in 1849 after many people came here. D. When people are attracted to California, they discovered gold in 1849. 2. Reading between lines, I think they are enjoying themselves. A. It is clear that they are enjoying themselves. B. There is no doubt that they are enjoying themselves. C. It is impossible that they are enjoying themselves. D. It sounds as if they are enjoying themselves. 3. Nam defeated the former champion in three sets. He finally won the inter-school table tennis championship. A. Being defeated by the former champion, Nam lost the chance to play the final game of inter-school table tennis championship. B. Having defeated the former champion the inter-school table tennis, Nam did not hold the title of champion. C. Having defeated the former champion in three sets, Nam won the inter-school table tennis championship. 26
27. D. Although Nam won the former champion in three sets, he did not win the title of inter-school table tennis champion. 4. Being just on the point of closing the shop, the shop assistant was not happy with the arrival of a late customer. A. The assistant closed the shop very late because a customer turned up at the last moment and he had to deal with her. B. Although the shop assistant wasn‟t pleased to have a customer as he was closing the shop, he gave his service away. C. The shop assistant was hurrying to close the shop, but just then, a customer arrived. D. The shop assistant didn‟t like it when a customer arrived just as he was closing the shop. 5. He was suspected to have stolen the money. The police have investigated him for weeks. A. He has been investigated for weeks, suspected to have stolen the money. B. Suspecting to have stolen the money, he has been investigated for weeks. C. Having suspected to have stolen the money, he has been investigated for weeks. D. Suspected to have stolen the money, he has been investigated for weeks. 6. Impressed as we were by the new album, we found it rather expensive. A. The new album was more expensive than we expected. B. We were very impressed by the new album, but found it rather expensive. C. We were not very impressed by the new album at all because it looked rather expensive. D. We weren‟t as much impressed by the new album‟s look as its price. III. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 1. Looking from afar, the village resembles a small green spot dotted with tiny fireballs. A B C D 2. As seeing from the mountain top, the area looks like a picturesque harbour town. A B C D 3. Do you know the boy sits in the corner of the class? A B C D 4. Finished my homework, I was allowed to go to the cinema with my friends. A B C D B. Pronouns “One(S), Someone, Anyone, No One, Everyone” a. Someone: - used in positive sentences, has the idea of a definite idea b. Anyone: - used in negatives and questions, has the meaning of no limit c. Everyone: - mean “all the people in a group” d. Everybody: - used in positive sentences, questions e. No one: - mean “No people” - used in positive sentences f. One: - used to avoid repeating a singular noun g. Ones : - used to avoid repeating a plural noun Followed by a singular verb Someone Anyone indefinite pronouns Everyone No one Refer back to them in a sentence with “they/ them/their” EXERCISE Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences. 1. - “I love colourful skirt” - “Okey, let‟s buy ___” A. one with flowers on B. one C. some with flowers on D. ones 2. I‟ve called several times but ___ answered me. A. anyone B. someone C. another one D. no one 3. When someone ___ you a hand, you should express your thank to them. A. give B. will give C. gives D. gave 4. Nobody loves smokers, ___? A. don‟t they B. doesn‟t it C. do they D. does it 5. ___ waiting to hear the results. A. Everyone B. All was C. Everyone were D. All were 6. ___ the furniture ___ arrived yet. A. None .has B. None have C. None of .has D. None of .have 7. Evry one of the boys and girls in the school ___ what to do if the fire alarm___ A. knows – rings B. know – rings C. knows – will ring D. would know- rang 8. No girl should have to wear school uniform, because it ___like a sack of potatoes. 27
28. A. makes them look B. makes her look C. makes them to look D. makes her to look 9. I phoned Sarah at home, but ___ A. there were no answers B. there were no answer C. there was no answers D. there was no answer 10. I looked everywhere but I couldn't find ___ at all. A. no one B. anyone C. someone D. somebody 11. 'We need new curtains.' 'Okay, let's buy ___. A. one B. ones C. some with flowers on D. ones with flowers on Period 11 CONJUNCTIONS “BOTH AND”; “NOT ONLY BUT ALSO”; “EITHER OR”; “NEITHER NOR” + CLEFT SENTENCES A. Conjunctions “Both And; Not Only But Also; Either Or; Neither Nor” I. Affirmative agreement (sự đồng ý khẳng định): too, so (cũng); both and (vừa vừa/ cả lẫn) ; “not only but also”(không những mà còn ), 1. S1 + V1, and S2 V0 , too. 3. Both + Noun/pronoun and + Noun/pronoun Not only Verb but also Verb 2. S1 + V1, and so V0 S2 Adjective Adjective Adverb Adverb Ex My father is a teacher. My sister is a teacher. Note: 1. My father is a teacher, and my sister is , too. - V0 là trợ động từ của V2 phù hợp với 2. My father is a teacher, and so is my sister. S2 - khi sử dụng “so ” ta đảo ngữ. - khi dùng “both and” để nối hai chủ 3. Both my father and my sister are teachers. từ, động từ chia số nhiều. 4. Not only my father but also my sister is a teacher too. - khi dùng “not only but also ” để nối hai chủ từ, động từ chia theo chủ từ thứ hai - ta dùng “ not only but .as well „ going như “not only but also ”. II. Negative agreement (sự đồng ý phủ định ): either (cũng ), neither (cũng không ), neither .nor (không .cũng không ) 1. S1 + V1, and S2 + V0, either. 3.Neither + Noun/pronoun nor + Noun/pronoun Verb Verb 2. S1 + V1, and neither + V0 + S2 Adjective Adjective Adverb Adverb Ex My father doesn‟t like football. My brother doesn‟t like Note: football. - khi dùng “neither ” , yếu tố phủ 1. My father doesn‟t like football and my brother doesn‟t, định bỏ đi và ta đảo ngữ. either. - khi dùng “neither nor” để nối hai 2. My father doesn‟t like football and neither does my brother. chủ từ, động từ chia theo chủ từ 3. Neither my father nor my brother likes football. thứ hai. III. either .or (hoặc hoăc ) diễn tả sự chọn lựa một trong hai Note: Either + Noun/pronoun Or + Noun/pronoun - khi dùng :either or” để Verb Verb nối hai chủ từ, động từ chia Adjective Adjective theo chủ từ thứ hai. Adverb Adverb Ex: You can have either tea or coffee. Either your brother or you are responsible for this mistake. EXERCISES I. Choose the best answer A,B,C or D that best completes the sentence. 1. When I was in Paris on holiday, we stayed ___at a hotel ___at a guest-house because our relatives put us up there. A. both and B. neither nor C. either or D. not only but also 2 We‟ve been doing business with ___IBM ___Microsoft. They are our best partners. 28
29. A. both and B. either or C. neither nor D. not only but also 3. This evening, I___ go to library ___come to my friend‟s house to study because we are going to have an important examination on the day after tomorrow. A. both and B. either or C. neither nor D. not only but also 3. ___the director ___his secretary are away on business. You have to wait until they return on Friday. A. Both and B. Either or C. Neither nor D. Not only but also 4. Both Son and Vinh like English. ___ of them likes literature. A. None B. Neither C. Either D. Both 5. Neither she nor I ___ responsible for that. It isn‟t our duty. A. are B. is C. am D. have 6. She ___ hard but also gets on well with her classmates. A. doesn‟t only study B. studies not only C. not studies only D. not only studies 7. Not only John but also his two brothers ___ football as their recreation every weekend. A. play B. plays C. were playing D. has play 8. I ___ using either this computer or that one. A. don‟t mind B. doesn‟t mind C. don‟t learn D. doesn‟t learn 9. We can see the film either tonight ___ tomorrow night. A. or B. and C. either D. so 10. Neither the radio nor the television ___ properly. A. doesn‟t work B. works C. work D. didn‟t work 11. Tom was late and ___ Ann. A. so is B. so was C. was too D. is too 12. Jim hasn‟t got a car. Carol hasn‟t got a car, ___. A. too B. so C. neither D. either 13. The film was both boring ___ long. A. too B. so C. and D. too 14. Not only Mr. Nam but also his children ___ just arrived in Vietnam. A. have B. has C. had D. hasn‟t 15. Neither the soldiers nor the officer ___ alive. A. were B. aren‟t C. isn‟t D. was 16. On Friday, he ___ goes to the cinema or stays home and watches TV. A. also B. too C. quite D. either 17. You don‟t know French. Do you know Spanish? - ___, I know neither French nor French. A. Not B. No C. Yes D. OK 18. He bought the blue one. Did he buy the red one? -___ he bought both the blue one and the red one. A. Yes B. No C. Not D. OK 19. My father is a teacher and my sisters are ___ A. too B. so C. either D. neither 20. Helen lost her passport at the airport. She ___ lost her wallet there. A. too B. also C. and D. so II. Choose word or phrase A,B, C or D -that needs correcting. 21. Over 51 percent of households in Britain have two and more TV sets. A B C D 22. I‟m going to buy both a camera or a DVD player with the money. A B C D 23.Movies are not only a form of entertainment but a source of information as too. A B C D III. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the sentence given in each of the following question. 24. I haven‟t got time to go on holiday. And I haven‟t got the money. A. I‟ve got neither time nor the money to go on holiday. B. I‟ve got either time or the money to go on holiday. C. I‟ve got both time and the money to go on holiday. D. I‟ve got not only time but also the money to go on holiday. 25. Tom was late . So was Jane. A. Both Tom and Jane were late. B. Neither Tom nor Jane was late. C. Either Tom or Jane was late. D. Not only Tom but also Jane were late. B. Cleft Sentences 29
30. Trong tiếng Anh, người ta thường dùng các cấu trúc câu nhấn mạnh, tức là câu bắt đầu bằng It is / It was để đặt trọng tâm thông tin vào chủ ngữ, tân ngữ hay trạng ngữ của câu: 1. Nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ : Subject Focus: Khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào chủ thể hay người thực hiện hành động, ta sử dụng It is hay It was và đặt chủ ngữ của câu đó ngay sau It is / It was, khi đó trọng tâm thông tin rơi vào chủ ngữ: It is + S + who / that + V / V s/es . It was + S + who / that + V2 / ed Ex: It is Donald Trump who is the president of the USA. 2. Nhấn mạnh tân ngữ : Object Focus: Khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào tân ngữ hay đối tượng của hành động, ta sử dụng It is hay It was và đặt tân ngữ của câu đó ngay sau It is / It was, khi đó trọng tâm thông tin rơi vào tân ngữ: It is + Ob + that + clause It was + Ob + that + clause Ex: It was the letter that Mai sent to you. 3. Nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ : Adv Focus: Khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào trạng ngữ ( thời gian hay địa điểm) của mệnh đề, ta sử dụng It is hay It was và đặt trạng ngữ của câu đó ngay sau It is / It was, khi đó trọng tâm thông tin rơi vào trạng ngữ: It is + Adv + that + clause It was + Adv + that + clause Ex: It was in the house that my father lived during his childhood. EXERCISES I. Choose the best answer A,B,C or D that best completes the sentence. 1. ___ I bought the golden fish. A. It was from this shop that B. I was from this shop where C. It was this shop which D. It was this shop that 2. It was Tom ___ to help us. A. comes B. that comes C. to come D. who came 3. ___ the police had rescued from the fire. A. The baby B. The baby that C. The baby whom D. It was the baby whom 4. ___ my parents gave me the fish tank. A. It was on my birthday when B. It was my birthday on that C. It was my birthday that D. It was on my birthday that 5. ___ I first met my girlfriend. A. It was in London that B. It was in London where C. It was London that D. It was London which 6. ___ on the phone. A. It is his mother whom is B. It was his mother whom is C. It was his mother who is D. It is his mother who is 7. ___ a high level of blood cholesterol. A. It is eggs that contain B. Those are eggs it contains C. It is eggs that contains D. It is eggs contain 8. ___ England won the World Cup. A. It was in 1966 that B. It was on 1966 that C. It was in 1966 when D. It was 1966 in that 9. ___ we all look for. A. It is happiness that B. That happiness C. Happiness it is that D. Happiness it is 10. ___ me how to play the drum. A. It was my uncle who taught B. My uncle who taught C. It was my uncle taught D. It is my uncle teaching 11. It___ the postcard ___was sent to me on her holiday. A. is / that B. was / that C. is / which D. was/ Ø II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction. 1. It was him who came running into the classroom with the news. A B C D 2. It was John‟s failure in the last exam when his parents were very disappointed A B C D 3. It is Michael that broke the old vase. A B C D 4. It was the dictionary which I borrowed from the library last week. A B C D 5. It was the shop that my father bought a new shirt. A B C D 30