Đề cương ôn thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh - Trường THPT Thái Phiên

Nội dung text: Đề cương ôn thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh - Trường THPT Thái Phiên

1. Period 1 INFINITIVES – GERUNDS I. Infinitive with To ( Động từ nguyên mẫu có To) được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau : 1. Chủ từ của các động từ appear , be , seem và các động từ nối khác . Ex : To save money now is necessary . 2. Bổ ngữ của động từ ( the complement of a verb ) Ex : Our duty is to study harder . 3. Tân ngữ ( Object ) “To infinitive “ được sử dụng làm tân ngữ cho các động từ sau : 1. afford : có đủ tiền 11. desire : mong ước 21. plan : có kế hoạch 2. agree : đồng ý 12. expect : mong đợi 22. pretend : giả vờ 3. appear : xuất hiện 13. fail : thất bại 23. promise : hứa 4. arrange : sắp xếp 14. happen : xảy ra 24. prepare : chuẩn bị 5. attempt : cố gắng 15. hesitate : do dự 25. refuse : từ chối 6. ask : hỏi , yêu cầu 16. hope : hy vọng 26. seem :dường như 7. choose : chọn 17. intend : có ý định 27. swear : thề 8. decide : quyêt định 18. learn : học 28. tend : có xu hướng 9. demand : đòi hỏi 19. manage : xoay xở 29. threaten : đe doạ 10. determine : quyết tâm 20. offer : đề nghị 30. want: muốn 31. wish : ao ước Ex : We hope to pass the next exam with high marks . 4. “To infinitive “ đựơc sử dụng sau một số động từ với cấu trúc : S + Verb + object + to infinitive 1. advise: khuyên 8. enable : làm cho có thể 15. permit : cho phép 2. allow : cho phép 9. encourage : động viên 16. persuade : thuyết phục 3. ask : hỏi 10. expect : mong đợi 17. tell : bảo 4. beg : nài nỉ 11. forbid : cấm 18. want : muốn 5. believe : tin tưởng 12. force : ép buộc 19. warn : cảnh báo 6. cause : gây ra 13. invite : mời 20. wish : ao ước 7. consider : xem như 14. order : ra lệnh Ex : He persuaded his parents to lend him some money . 5. “To infinitive “ được sử dụng làm tân ngữ của các tính từ và thường dùng với cấu trúc: It is + adjective + ( for sb ) + to infinitive . Ex : It is dangerous to cross the street outside the zebra crossing . 6. “To infinitive “ được dùng sau “ Too + Adjective / Adverb ( for somebody ) Ex : This job is too hard for him to do . 7. “To infinitive “ được dùng sau “ Adjective / Adverb + enough ( for somebody ) Ex : The sea was warm enough for us to swim in . 8. “To infinitive “ được dùng sau for / of Ex : I’ll wait for you to finish our tasks . / It was kind of you to help me . 9. “To infinitive “ được sử dụng sau những từ như : “what , who , which , when , where , how “ Ex : Can you tell me how to get to the post office ? 10. “To infinitive “ được sử dụng sau danh từ hoặc đại từ để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hê . Ex : English is an important language to master. (English is an important language which we have to master) Have you got anything to read now ? ( Have you got anything that we can read now ? ) 11. “To infinitive “ được sử dụng để diễn tả mục đích hoặc kết quả . Ex : We go to school to widen our knowledge . 12. To infinitive “ được sử dụng sau động từ cost / take + túc từ Ex : It’ll cost a lot of money to make a trip around the world . It will take many years to rebuild this ancient temple . II. Infinitive without To ( Động từ nguyên mẫu không To ) Nguyên mẫu không To được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau : 1. Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết như : “ can , may , must , will , shall “ Ex : He can speak three foreign languages . 2. Sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như: “feel, hear, see, watch, notice “ hoặc sau các động từ“ make, let“ Ex : I saw him unlock the door . a/ Nhưng những động từ này ( ngoại trừ let ) khi ở bị động phải dùng “To infinitive “ Ex : He was seen to unlock the door . / We were made to write a friendly letter . b/ Feel ,hear ,see, watch thường được theo sau bởi V-ing khi đề cập đến sự tiếp diễn của hành động . Ex : I hear someone knocking at the front door . 3. Sau các động từ như : “ had better , would rather , would sooner “ Ex : We would rather wait till tomorrow . 1
2. III. The gerund ( V- ing ) ( Danh động từ ) 1. Chủ ngữ của động từ . Ex : Learning foreign languages is very necessary . 2. Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ . Ex : Most children are fond of eating sweets . 3. Làm bổ ngữ cho động từ . Ex : His favorite sport is swimming in the river on Sundays 4. Làm tân ngữ cho động từ . Ex : We have just finished doing our work . *Các động từ theo sau bởi danh động từ ( Verb + V-ing ) : 1. ad’mit : thừa nhận 14. I’magine : tưởng tượng 2. a’void : tránh né 15. in’volve : dính dáng đến 3. a’ppreciate : đánh giá cao 16. mind : bận tâm 4. an’ticipate : đoán trước 17. miss : bỏ lỡ 5. be’gin : bắt đầu 18. mention : đề cập 6. con’sider : cân nhắc 19. ‘practice : thực hành 7. de’lay : làm chậm trễ 20. pre’vent : ngăn chận 8. de’ny : phủ nhận 21. ‘postpone : trì hoãn 9. dis’like : không thích 22. re’gret : hối tiếc 10. en’joy : thích thú 23. re’call : nhớ lại 11. ‘finish : hoàn thành 24. risk : liều lĩnh 12. ‘fancy : thích 25. re’sist : chống lại 13. keep : giữ , tiếp tục 26. su’ggest : đề nghị Ex : He avoided answering questions . 5. V-ing được dùng sau GO : go fishing . go climbing , go swimming , go shopping Ex : My mother goes shopping on Sundays . 6. V-ing được dùng sau các cụm từ : 1. can’t bear : không chịu được 8. don’t mind: không phiền 2. can’t stand : không chịu được 9. how about : còn thì sao 3. can’t help : không thể không 10. what about : còn thì sao 4. feel like : cảm thấy 11. spend one’s time : trãi qua thời gian 5. it’s no good : không tốt 12. there’s no point :chẳng có lý do 6. it’s no use : không ích lợi 13. be worth : đáng giá 7. to be busy : bận rộn Ex : I can’t help laughing whenever he tells a joke . / He is busy reading the newspaper . Những động từ sau đây có thể dùng (V-ing ) hoặc to- infinitive nhưng không có sự khác nhau về nghĩa 1. be’gin : bắt đầu 5. love : yêu thích 2. con’tinue : tiếp tục 6. pre’fer : thích hơn 3. hate : ghét 7. start : bắt đầu 4. like : thích Ex : He began talking / to talk . He prefers staying home to going to the cinema ./ He prefers to stay home to go to the cinema . 7. Các động từ dưới đây có sự khác nhau về nghĩa khi theo sau bởi động từ có to (to- infinitive ) hoặc danh động từ Stop + V-ing : chấm dứt một việc gì Stop + to infinitive : dừng lại để làm gì Ex : He has just stopped smoking because he has a Ex : He stopped to drink a cup of coffee because he bad cough . had worked for a long time . Remember + V-ing : nhớ ( hồi tưởng ) điều gì đã Remember + to infinitive : nhớ làm gì xảy ra trong quá khứ Ex : Remember to close the door before you go to bed Ex : I clearly remember closing all the windows Forget + V-ing : quên đã làm điều gì Forget + to infinitive : quên phải làm hoặc thực hiện Ex: He forgets meeting me a few weeks ago . một trách nhiệm, nghĩa vụ hay công việc Ex : Don’t forget to do your homework tonight ! Regret + V-ing : hối tiếc điều gì đã xảy ra trong quá Regret + to infinitive :lấy làm tiếc phải làm gì khứ Ex : I regret to tell you that you made so many Ex: He regrets spending so much money last night. mistakes . Try + V-ing : thử Try + to infinitive : cố gắng, nổ lực làm điều gì Ex : You had better try wearing the shirt before you Ex : We are trying to study hard . buy it . Mean + V-ing : có nghĩa là Mean + to infinitive : có ý định làm gì If we catch the early train , it’ll mean getting up at 5:30 I’m sorry, but I didn’t mean to hurt you . Need + V-ing :( việc gì) cần phải được làm Need + to infinitive : ( người nào ) cần phải làm 2
3. The room is too dirty . It needs cleaning . việc gì You need to clean the room . It’s too dirty Go on + V-ing : tiếp tục làm điều đang làm Go on + to infinitive : tiệp tục chuyển sang làm She went on talking about her holiday all evening một việc khác She spoke about her so , and then went on to talk about her daughter . 8. Những động từ dưới đây được dùng với hai cấu trúc khác nhau : Sau các động từ advise , allow , encourage , permit , + V-ing được dùng khi không có tân ngữ They advise walking to town . They advise me to walk to town . They do not allow smoking here . They do not allow us to smoke here . The teacher encourages doing the test . The teacher encourages us to do the test . He doesn’t permit smoking here . He doesn’t permit me to smoke here . IV. Passive infinitive and passive gerund . 1. Passive infinitive : To infinitive ( simple ) : ( to ) be + past participle ( V3/ V-ed ). Active Passive 1. You must keep the room tidy 1. The room must be kept tidy . 2. They can’t solve the problem . 2. The problem can’t be solved . 3. We expect them to invite us to the wedding 3. We expect to be invited to the wedding . 2. Passive gerund : Present : being + past participle ( V3 / V-ed ) Active Passive 1. He enjoys people admiring him . 1. He enjoys being admired . 2. We dislike people cheating us . 2. We dislike being cheated . 3. She can’t get used to people criticizing her. 3. She can’t get used to being criticized . Exercises: I. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences. 1. Whenever we met, Jack avoided ___ at me. a. to look b. looking c. be looked d. being looked 2. Maria needs ___ another job. Her present company is going out of business. a. being found b. to finding c. finding d. to find 3. Although Joe slammed on his brakes, he couldn’t avoid ___ the small dog that suddenly darted out in front of his car . a. to hit b. hitting c. to be hit d. being hit 4. The aim of the culture festival is ___ friendship between the two countries. a. promote b. promoting c. to promote d. being promoted 5. If you delay ___ your bill, you will only incur more and more interest charges. a. to be paid b. being paid c. to pay d. paying 6. The company ___ holding that workshop until next month. a. planned b. arranged c. postponed d. was able 7. Did she apologize ___ late? a. being b. to be c. to have been d. for being 8. What shall we do this evening? “How ___ to that pop concert?” a. to go b. we going c. about going d. about we go 9. There’s a good film on TV tonight. I’m really looking forward ___ it. a. to seeing b. to see c. for seeing d. for to see 10. The new students hope ___ in many of the school’s social activities. a. including b. being included c. to include d. to be included 11. Jack got into trouble when he refused ___ his briefcase for the customs officer. a. opening b. being opened c. to open d. to be opened 12. Barbara didn’t mention ___ about her progress report at work, but I’m sure she is. a. concerning b. being concerned c. to concern d. to be concerned 13. You’d better save some money for a rainy day. You can’t count on ___ by your parents every time you get into financial difficulty. a. rescuing b. being rescued c. to rescue d. to be rescued 14. Instead of ___ about the good news , he seemed to be indifferent . a. exciting b. being excited c. to excite d. to be excited 15. Please forgive me. I didn’t mean ___ you. a. upsetting b. being upset c. to upset d. to be upset 16. When I told Tim the news, he seemed ___. a. surprising b. being surprised c. to surprise` d. to be surprised 17. Ms. Thompson is always willing to help , but she doesn’t want ___at home unless there is an emergency . a. calling b. being called c. to call d. to be called 18. I expected ___ to the party, but I wasn’t. a. inviting b. being invited c. to invite d. to be invited 3
4. 19. ___ good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream. a. Make b. Making c. To make d. For make 20. I expect ___ at the airport by my uncle. a. meeting b. being met c. to meet d. to be met 21. Mr. Smith offered ___ us to the train station. a. driving b. being drive c. to drive d. to be driven 22. Carol always wants ___ by everyone she meets . a. be admired b. being admired c. to being admired d. to be admired 23. I dislike ___ by my friends. a. deceiving b. being deceived c. to be deceived d. to deceive 24. The garden has to ___ after. a. look b. be looked c. being looked d. be looking 25. Last summer we ___to travel overland through Australia. a. enjoyed b. decided c. didn’t mind d. suggested 26. Why are you leaving now ? You don’t need ___ yet, do you? a. go b. to go c. going d. of going 27. It’s a difficult problem. It needs ___ about very carefully. a. think b. to think c. thinking d. being thought 28. I don’t remember ___ of decision to change the company policy on vacations. When was it decided? a. telling b. being told c. to tell d. to be told 29. Ms. Drake expects ___ about any revisions in her manuscript before it is printed. a. consulting b. being consulted c. to consult d. to be consulted 30. Sally gave such a good speech that I couldn’t resist ___ loudly when she finished. a. applauding b. being applauded c. to applaud d. to be applauded II. Choose the underlined part among (a, b ,c ,d ) that needs correcting. 1. We spent a week to preparing for our concert . a b c d 2. The Nelsons asked us look over their plants for them while they were away on vacation. a b c d 3. For welcoming my foreign friends we are celebrating a big party. a b c d 4. I prefer to watch a live concert to listening to music on the radio. a b c d 5. Approximately 70 percent of all parents let their children to attend school. a b c d 6. There’s no point to have a car if you never use it. a b c d III. Choose the answer a,b,c or d that is nearest in meaning to the sentence above. 1. We regret we cannot accept payment by credit card for sales of under $10. a. If you spend more than $10, you must pay by credit card. b. We make a charge if you pay by credit card. c. We prefer cash payment for large sale. d. If you spend less than $10, you cannot pay by credit card. 2. There’s no point in persuading him to do it. a. He is able to do this although he does not want to. b. It would be useful to persuade him to do this. c. I enjoy persuading him to do that. d. It is useless to persuade him to do this. 3.That young man is bound to fail in this test. a. There is no way that young man can succeed in this test. b. Certainly, that young man will pass this test. c. It would be impossible for that young man to fail this test. d. That young man almost failed in this test. 4. It’s waste of time to try to explain anything to Tony. a. Tony should be given explanation. b. It’s not worth trying to explain anything to Tony. c. To save time, explain it to Tony. d. It’s well worth trying to explain things to Tony. PRESENT/ PAST PARTICIPLES - PERFECT GERUND & PERFECT PARTICIPLES I. Present participle (Hiện tại phân từ) được dùng trong các trường hợp sau 1. Động từ trong các thì tiếp diễn Eg: She’s cooking dinner. 4
5. 2. Dùng như 1 tính từ Eg: It’s an interesting story. 3. Thay thế cho 1 mệnh đề quan hệ Eg: The man (who is) standing next to the door is my father. 4. Thay thế hoặc rút gọn cho 1 mệnh đề (S+V) Eg: Entering the room, I saw him. 5. Dùng sau các động từ như : catch, find, leave, etc + someone, hoặc waste, spend, go, be busy, hoặc các động từ tri giác như see, hear, watch, smell, feel, observe, notice, etc Eg: I caught him climbing the fence. Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. I heard him coming into the hall. II. Past Participle (Quá khứ phân từ) được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau: 1. Các thì hoàn thành (Perfect tenses) Ex1: I has already done all my homework By the time I met you, I had worked for this company for 3 month 2. Câu bị động (Passive voice) Ex: My money was stolen 3. Có chức năng như một tính từ phân từ Ex: He said to me he is a healed person from the plague This is a written construction. Please read carefully 4. Có chức năng như một động từ Ex: Lovingly taught Spanish by his mother, he eventually became a good writer 5. Có chức năng như một tính từ Ex: Fully healed of his wounds from war, he went on to become a talented politician III. Perfect Gerund And Perfect Participle A. Perfect Gerund (Danh động từ hoàn thành) 1. Hình thức: having + V3/-ed 2. Chức năng: dùng thay cho hình thức hiện tại của danh động từ khi chúng ta đề cập đến hành động trong quá khứ Ex: He was accused of having stealing their money. B. Perfect participle (Phân từ hoàn thành) 1. Hình thức: having + V3/-ed 2. Chức năng: - dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề khi hành động trong mệnh đề đó xảy ra trước Ex: He finished all his homework and then he went to bed. Having finished all his homework, he went to bed. - dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian Ex: After he had fallen from the horse back, he was taken to hospital and had an operation. After having fallen from the horse back, he was taken to hospital and had an operation. EXERCISES I. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best completes the sentence given in each of the following question. 1. Having been served lunch, ___. A. the issue of global warming was discussed by members of the committee B. the committee members discussed the issue of global warming C. it was discussed by the committee members about the issue of global warming D. a discussion of the problem was made by the committee members 2. ___ did Tim realize that there was danger. A. Upon entering the store B. When he entered the store C. After he had entered the store D. Only after entering the store 3. Considered America’s first great architect ___. A. many of the buildings at Harvard University were designed by Henry Hobson Richardson B. Henry Hobson Richardson designed many of the buildings at Harvard University C. Harvard University has many buildings that were designed by Henry Hobson Richardson D. it was Henry Hobson Richardson who designed many of the buildings at Harvard University 4. ___ songs in a wild falsetto, Little Richard became a seminal figure in the birth of rock and roll. A. Pounding the piano and howling B. To be pounding the piano and howling C. He pounded the piano and howling D. The piano was pounded and howled 5. ___ in 1607, Jamestown in Virginia was the first settlement in the New World. A. Founded B. It was founded C. Founding D. To be founded 6. Regarded as one of the greatest physicists, ___. A. the relationship between force and motion was first expressed by Isaac Newton B. The first to express the relationship between force and motion was Isaac Newton C. Isaac Newton was the first to express the relationship between force and motion 5
6. D. it was Isaac Newton who was the first to express the relationship between force and motion 7. ___ the can, my hand was cut. A. As I was trying to open B. Having tried to open C. While trying to open D. Trying to open 8. Fearing economic hardship, ___. A. many New Englanders emigrated to the Midwest in the 1820s B. emigration from New England to the Midwest took place in the 1820s C. it was in the 1820s that many New Englanders emigrated to the Midwest D. an emigration took place in the 1820s from New England to the Midwest 9. Named for its founder, ___ in Ithaca, New York. A. in 1865 Ezra Cornell established Cornell University B. Cornell University was established in 1865 by Ezra Cornell C. it was in 1865 that Cornell University was established by Ezra Cornell D. Ezra Cornell established Cornell University in 1865 10. Located beneath the English Channel, ___. A. the Channel Tunnel is equipped with safety features B. they equip the Channel Tunnel with safety features C. it is equipped with safety features for the Channel Tunnel D. safety features are equipped for the Channel Tunnel 11. Having travelled to different parts of our country, ___. A. we have learned a lot about interesting lifestyles and customs B. we are seeing a lot about interesting lifestyles and customs C. many interesting lifestyles and customs have been learned by us D. much has been learned about interesting lifestyles and customs 12. ___, one of the most beautiful forms of performance art, ballet is a combination of dance and mime performed to music. A. Being considering B. Considering C. Considered D. To consider 13. Having opened the bottle, ___ for everyone. A. The drink was poured B. Mike poured the drink C. Mike pouring the drink D. The drink was being poured 14. ___ a scholarship, I entered the frightening and unknown territory of private education. A. To award B. Having awarded C. To be awarded D. Having been awarded 15. ___ the airport, I was very worried to find that no one ___ for me. A. On arriving at/ had waited B. On arriving in/ was waiting C. On arriving in/ had waited D. When arriving at/ was waiting II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the sentence given in each of the following question. 1. California attracted people from many countries when gold was discovered in 1849. A. Discovered in 1849, gold was attractive to people in California. B. Discovered in California in 1849, gold attracted people from many countries. C. Gold in California was discovered in 1849 after many people came here. D. When people are attracted to California, they discovered gold in 1849. 2. Reading between lines, I think they are enjoying themselves. A. It is clear that they are enjoying themselves. B. There is no doubt that they are enjoying themselves. C. It is impossible that they are enjoying themselves. D. It sounds as if they are enjoying themselves. 3. Nam defeated the former champion in three sets. He finally won the inter-school table tennis championship. A. Being defeated by the former champion, Nam lost the chance to play the final game of inter-school table tennis championship. B. Having defeated the former champion the inter-school table tennis, Nam did not hold the title of champion. C. Having defeated the former champion in three sets, Nam won the inter-school table tennis championship. D. Although Nam won the former champion in three sets, he did not win the title of inter-school table tennis champion. 4. Being just on the point of closing the shop, the shop assistant was not happy with the arrival of a late customer. A. The assistant closed the shop very late because a customer turned up at the last moment and he had to deal with her. 6
7. B. Although the shop assistant wasn’t pleased to have a customer as he was closing the shop, he gave his service away. C. The shop assistant was hurrying to close the shop, but just then, a customer arrived. D. The shop assistant didn’t like it when a customer arrived just as he was closing the shop. 5. He was suspected to have stolen the money. The police have investigated him for weeks. A. He has been investigated for weeks, suspected to have stolen the money. B. Suspecting to have stolen the money, he has been investigated for weeks. C. Having suspected to have stolen the money, he has been investigated for weeks. D. Suspected to have stolen the money, he has been investigated for weeks. 6. Impressed as we were by the new album, we found it rather expensive. A. The new album was more expensive than we expected. B. We were very impressed by the new album, but found it rather expensive. C. We were not very impressed by the new album at all because it looked rather expensive. D. We weren’t as much impressed by the new album’s look as its price. III. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 1. Looking from afar, the village resembles a small green spot dotted with tiny fireballs. A B C D 2. As seeing from the mountain top, the area looks like a picturesque harbour town. ABCD 3. Do you know the boy sits in the corner of the class? A B C D 4. Finished my homework, I was allowed to go to the cinema with my friends. A B C D Period 2 COMPARISONS Comparisons Forms Examples Positive: Thể khẳng định. - Tom is as tall as his friend. - AS + short ADJ/ADV + AS - Lan is as beautiful as Hoa. 1/Equal Comparison - AS + long ADJ/ADV + AS (So sánh bằng) Negative: Thể phủ định. - Bill is not so tall as Binh. - NOT + SO(AS) + short ADJ/ADV + AS - Lan is not as beautiful as Thu. - NOT + SO(AS) + long ADJ/ADV + AS 1. short ADJ/ADV + ER + THAN - I am taller than Mary. 2. MORE + long ADJ/ADV + THAN - I am more beautiful than Daisy. 3. Good/Well - Better - He is better than his brother. Bad/Badly - Worse 2/Comparative Many/Much - More (So sánh hơn) Little - Less Far - Farther/Further 3/Comparision of 4. - LESS + short ADJ/ADV+THAN - Hanoi is less big than HCM city Inferiority - LESS + long ADJ/ADV+THAN - This film is less interesting than (So sánh kém) the one we saw last night. 1. THE + short ADJ/ADV + EST - Tom is the tallest boy. 2 THE + MOST + long ADJ/ADV - Tom is the most intelligent boy. 3. Good/Well – the best 4/Superlative Bad/Badly – the worst (So sánh nhất) Many/Much – the most - Peter is the best boy. Little – the least Far – the farthest/the furthest 1. S+V+ short ADJ+ER and short ADJ + ER - She is taller and taller. 2. S+ V+ MORE and MORE + long ADJ - She is more and more studious. 5/Double 3. THE + short ADJ + ER + S +V, THE + - The fatter they get, the weaker comparison short ADJ+ ER+ S+V. they feel. (So sánh kép) 4. THE + MORE+ long ADJ + S+ V, THE + - The more comfortable the house MORE + long ADJ+ S+ is, the more expensive it is. 6/ Notes 1. Hot >Hotter >Hottest - Today is hotter than yesterday. (Ghi chú) 2. Large >Larger >Largest - This city is larger than that one. 3. Happy >Happier >Happiest - He is easier than his father. 4. Clever >Cleverer >Cleverest - She is cleverer than her sister. 7
8. EXERCISES I. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D that best completes each sentence. 1. ___ you study for these exams, ___ you will do. a. The harder / the better b. The more / the much c. The hardest / the best d. The more hard / the more good, 2. My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that ___ it is at night, ___ he plays his music! a. the less / the more loud b. the less / less c. the more late / the more loudlier d. the later / the louder 3. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become ___. a. more and more good b. better arid better c. the more and more good d. gooder and gooder 4. The Sears Tower is ___ building in Chicago. a. taller b. the more tall c. the tallest d. taller and taller 5. Petrol is ___ it used to. a. twice as expensive as b. twice expensive more than c. twice more than expensive d. more expensive than twice 6. San Diego is town in Southern California. a. more nice and nice b. the nicer c. the nicest d. nicer and nicer 7. It gets ___ when the winter is coming. a. cold and cold b. the coldest and coldest c. colder and colder d. more and more cold 8. Robert does not have ___ Peter does. a. money more than b. as many money as c. more money as d. as much money as 9. The Mekong Delta is ___ deltas in Vietnam. a. the largest of the two b. the more larger of the two c. one of the two largest d. one of the two larger 10. People should eat ___ and do ___ to reduce the risk of heart disease. a. less fat / more exercise b. less and less fat / the more exercise c. the less fat / the more exercise d. fatter / more exercise 11. He spent a year in India and loves spicy food. ___ the food is, ___ he likes it. a. The hotter / the more and more b. The hotter / the more c. The more and more hot / the more d. The hottest / the most 12. Of course you can come to the party. ___. a. The more the merrier b. The more and the merrier c. The more and merrier d. The more and more merrier 13. I feel ___ I did yesterday. a. much more tired than b. many more tired than c. as many tired as d. as more tired as 14. She is ___ a spectator. a. more an athlete than b. more of an athlete than c. an athlete more than d. an athlete of more than 15. ___ live in Ho Chi Minh City than in the whole of the rest of the country. a. As much as people b. More people c. As many as people d. People more 16. It gets ___ to understand what the professor has explained. a. the more difficult b. more difficult than c. difficult more and more d. more and more difficult 17. You must drive slower in built up areas. ___ you drive in the city, it is ___ that you will have an accident. a. The faster and faster / the more b. The faster / the more probable c. The more and more fast / the more and more probable d. The more fastly / the probable 18. The party was ___ I had expected. a. more a hundred times fun than b. a hundred times fun more than c. a hundred times more fun than d. more fun than a hundred times 19. He finds physics ___ other science subjects. a. far more difficult than b. many more difficult than c. too much more difficult than d. more much difficult than 20. ___ he drank, ___ he became. a. More / more violent b. The most / the most violent 8
9. c. The more / the more violent d. The less / less violent 21. The cuisine of France is ___. a. more famous than that of England b. famous than the cuisine of England c. more famous than which of England d. as famous than that of England 22. Earning money has always been the thing that pleases him most. ___ he becomes, ___he is. a. The more rich / the more happy b. The richest / the happiest c. The richer / the happier d. Richer and richer / happier and happier 23. The fast we finish, ___. a. the sooner we can leave b. we can leave sooner and sooner c. the sooner can we leave d. we can leave the sooner 24. Of all athletes, Alex is ___. a. the less qualified b. the less and less qualified c. the more and more qualified d. the least qualified, 25. The climber was seventy miles in the wrong direction and got ___. a. more panicked b. the more panicked c. more than panicked d. more and more panicked II. Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one. 26. There are more sports competed in this SEA Games than in last SEA Games. a. The sports competed ill this SEA Games are the same as those in last SEA Games. b. Not as many sports were competed in last SEA Games as in this SEA Games. c. In the last SEA Games there were some sports which were not competed. d. In this SEA Games, there are less sports competed than in last SEA Games. 27. No one in the team can play better than John. a. John plays well but the others play better. b. John as well as other players of the team plays very well. c. Everyone in the team, but John, plays very well. d. John is the best player of the team. 28. He only feels happy whenever he does not have much work to do. a. The more he works, the happier he feels. b. The less he works, the happier he feels. c. His work makes him feel happy. d. He feels happier and happier with his work. 29. More petrol is consumed nowadays than ten years ago. a. Not so much petrol was consumed ten years ago as nowadays. b. Petrol consumption is going down nowadays. c. We had more petrol ten years ago than we do nowadays. d. We should consume as much petrol as possible. 30. I learn a lot but I cannot remember anything. a. I learn more and more and remember more and more. b. The less I learn, the more I remember. c. The more I learn, the less I remember. d. I remember not only what I have learnt. 31. If it rains and rains, you feel more like not going out. a. The more you like going out, the more it rains. b. The more it rains, the more you feel like going out. c. The more it rains, the less you feel like going out. d. The less it rains, the more you feel like going out. 32. The harder my father works, the less time he spends with the family. a. My father spends much time working with the family. b. My father enjoys his work so much that he works so hard. c. The more time my father spends with the family, the happier he feels. d. My father doesn’t spend much time with the family as he works so hard. III. Choose the incorrect part indicated by A, B, C, and D in the following sentences. 33. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become gooder and gooder. a b c d 34. Not as many children reads books as a recreational activity than they used to. a b c d 35. Everyone likes reading more better than usual when they like the subject. a b c d 36. The more difficult the task is, the more challenging is it. a b c d 37. As it was getting dark, it was becoming more and more difficulty to see everything in the house 9
10. a b c without electricity. d 38. According to optimists, in the future we will live in a much clean environment, breathing fresher a b c air, and eating healthier food. d 39. It is said that young Asians are not as romance than their American counterparts. a b c d 40. The first SEA Games were held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 12 to 17 December,1959 comprising a b c more and more 527 athletes and officials d Period 3 Pronouns “One(S), Someone, Anyone, No One, Everyone” a. Someone: - used in positive sentences, has the idea of a definite idea b. Anyone: - used in negatives and questions, has the meaning of no limit c. Everyone: - mean “all the people in a group” d. Everybody: - used in positive sentences, questions e. No one: - mean “No people” - used in positive sentences f. One: - used to avoid repeating a singular noun g. Ones : - used to avoid repeating a plural noun Followed by a singular verb Someone Anyone indefinite pronouns Everyone No one Refer back to them in a sentence with “they/ them/their” EXERCISE Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences. 1. - “I love colourful skirt” - “Okey, let’s buy ___” A. one with flowers on B. one C. some with flowers on D. ones 2. I’ve called several times but ___ answered me. A. anyone B. someone C. another one D. no one 3. When someone ___ you a hand, you should express your thank to them. A. give B. will give C. gives D. gave 4. Nobody loves smokers, ___? A. don’t they B. doesn’t it C. do they D. does it 5. ___ waiting to hear the results. A. Everyone B. All was C. Everyone were D. All were 6. ___ the furniture ___ arrived yet. A. None .has B. None have C. None of .has D. None of .have 7. Evry one of the boys and girls in the school ___ what to do if the fire alarm___ A. knows – rings B. know – rings C. knows – will ring D. would know- rang 8. No girl should have to wear school uniform, because it ___like a sack of potatoes. A. makes them look B. makes her look C. makes them to look D. makes her to look 9. I phoned Sarah at home, but ___ A. there were no answers B. there were no answer C. there was no answers D. there was no answer 10. I looked everywhere but I couldn't find ___ at all. A. no one B. anyone C. someone D. somebody 1. 'We need new curtains.' 'Okay, let's buy ___. A. one B. ones C. some with flowers on D. ones with flowers on Cleft Sentences Trong tiếng Anh, người ta thường dùng các cấu trúc câu nhấn mạnh, tức là câu bắt đầu bằng It is / It was để đặt trọng tâm thông tin vào chủ ngữ, tân ngữ hay trạng ngữ của câu: 1. Nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ : Subject Focus: 10
11. Khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào chủ thể hay người thực hiện hành động, ta sử dụng It is hay It was và đặt chủ ngữ của câu đó ngay sau It is / It was, khi đó trọng tâm thông tin rơi vào chủ ngữ: It is + S + who / that + V / V s/es . It was + S + who / that + V2 / ed Ex: It is Donald Trump who is the president of the USA. 2. Nhấn mạnh tân ngữ : Object Focus: Khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào tân ngữ hay đối tượng của hành động, ta sử dụng It is hay It was và đặt tân ngữ của câu đó ngay sau It is / It was, khi đó trọng tâm thông tin rơi vào tân ngữ: It is + Ob + that + clause It was + Ob + that + clause Ex: It was the letter that Mai sent to you. 3. Nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ : Adv Focus: Khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào trạng ngữ ( thời gian hay địa điểm) của mệnh đề, ta sử dụng It is hay It was và đặt trạng ngữ của câu đó ngay sau It is / It was, khi đó trọng tâm thông tin rơi vào trạng ngữ: It is + Adv + that + clause It was + Adv + that + clause Ex: It was in the house that my father lived during his childhood. EXERCISES I. Choose the best answer A,B,C or D that best completes the sentence. 1. ___ I bought the golden fish. A. It was from this shop that B. I was from this shop where C. It was this shop which D. It was this shop that 2. It was Tom ___ to help us. A. comes B. that comes C. to come D. who came 3. ___ the police had rescued from the fire. A. The baby B. The baby that C. The baby whom D. It was the baby whom 4. ___ my parents gave me the fish tank. A. It was on my birthday when B. It was my birthday on that C. It was my birthday that D. It was on my birthday that 5. ___ I first met my girlfriend. A. It was in London that B. It was in London where C. It was London that D. It was London which 6. ___ on the phone. A. It is his mother whom is B. It was his mother whom is C. It was his mother who is D. It is his mother who is 7. ___ a high level of blood cholesterol. A. It is eggs that contain B. Those are eggs it contains C. It is eggs that contains D. It is eggs contain 8. ___ England won the World Cup. A. It was in 1966 that B. It was on 1966 that C. It was in 1966 when D. It was 1966 in that 9. ___ we all look for. A. It is happiness that B. That happiness C. Happiness it is that D. Happiness it is 10. ___ me how to play the drum. A. It was my uncle who taught B. My uncle who taught C. It was my uncle taught D. It is my uncle teaching 11. It___ the postcard ___was sent to me on her holiday. A. is / that B. was / that C. is / which D. was/ Ø II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction. 1. It was him who came running into the classroom with the news. A B C D 2. It was John’s failure in the last exam when his parents were very disappointed A B C D 3. It is Michael that broke the old vase. A B C D 4. It was the dictionary which I borrowed from the library last week. A B C D 5. It was the shop that my father bought a new shirt. A B C D 11
12. TAG QUESTIONS Câu hỏi đuôi được hình thành dựa vào câu chính của nó để chắc chắn tính đúng sai của mệnh đề đó. Câu hỏi đuôi được chia ra làm hai phần tách biệt nhau bơi dấu phẩy theo qui tắc sau. 1. Nếu câu phủ định thì động từ của câu hỏi đuôi là khẳng định và ngược lại. VD: 1. He is a student, isn’t he? 2. They will go abroad next week, won’t they? 3. Lan didn’t meet me yesterday, did she? 2. Thì của động từ ở đuôi phải theo thì của mệnh đề chính Cụ thể như sau: - Nếu động từ được sử dụng trong mệnh đề chính là động từ đặc biệt: to be, model verb thì động từ đó sẽ được sử dụng lại lần nữa ở câu hỏi đuôi, nhưng phải ở dạng thức trái ngược với dạng thức được sủ dụng ở mệnh đề chính VD: Helen may stay in the office, may not she? - Nếu động từ được sử dụng trong mệnh đề chính là động từ thường ta phải mượn trợ đông từ ở câu hỏi đuôi nhưng phải cùng ngôi số và cùng thì với đại từ đứng sau đó VD 1. Hoa makes the questions, doesn’t she? 2. Nam didn’t agree with you, did he? 3. They don’t arrive in time, do they? 3. Chủ ngử của mệnh đề chính và của phần đuôi là giống nhau. Đại từ ở phần đuôi luôn ở dạng chủ ngữ. - Chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề chính là đại từ nhân xưng sẽ được dùng lại lần nũa ở câu hỏi đuôi VD: 1. It isn’t warm today, isn’t it? 2. Her pet daughter failed in the exams, didn’t she? - Chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề chính là vật số it được thay thế bằng it số nhiều được thay thế bằng they VD 1. The lift isn’t convenient, is it? 2. Those books aren’t expensive, are they? - Chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề chính là người được thay thế bằng he nếu là phái nam, she nếu là phái nữ 4. Phần đuôi của dạng phủ định thuờng được rút gọn (n’t). Nếu không rút gọn thì phải theo thứ tự : auxiliary+ subject+not VD: He saw it yesterday, didn’t he? hoặc : He saw it yesterday, did he not? NOTE: 1. Những câu có các từ: neither, no, none, no one, no body, nothing, scarely, barely, hardly, seldom .có câu hỏi đuôi luôn ỏ dạng khẳng định VD 1. Nobody stay at home, do they? 2. No salt is allowed, is it? 2. Câu hỏi đuôi có chủ ngủ ngôi thứ nhất (I) trong câu khẳng định là aren’t I và phủ định là am I VD: 1. I am feeling tired today, aren’t I 2. I am not your partner, am I 3. Câu hỏi đuôi trong câu cầu khiến là will you VD Open the door, will you? 4. Câu hỏi đuôi trong câu Let’s do something là shall we VD Let’s have a rest, shall we? 5. Câu hỏi đuôi dung đại từ số nhiều (they) khi chủ ngữ của câu là các đại từ bất định như: every one, anyone, nobody, everything, nothing, no one, VD: 1. Everything is ready, aren’t they? 2. No one complainted about this problem, did they 6. There is, there are và it is là chủ ngữ giả nên phần đuôi được phép dùng lại there hoặc it VD: 1. There is too much sugar in this coffee, isn’t there? 7. This/ that được thay thế bằng it trong câu hỏi đuôi VD This is the most beautiful dress you have, isn’t it? These/ those được thay thế bằng they trong câu hỏi đuôi EXERCISES Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentence. 1. No one is better cook than his mother, ___? A. is she B. isn't she C. are they D. aren’t they 2. Do it right now, ___? A. will you B. shall you C. do you D. don't you 3. There are no easy ways to learn a foreign language, ___? A. are they B. are there C. aren't they D. aren't there 4. He seldom goes to the library, ___? A. doesn’t he B. is he C. does he D. isn’t he 5. Let's go for a long walk, ___? A. will we B. shall we C. don't you D. do you 6. Her name is Jane, ___? A. is she B. is it C. isn’t she D. isn’t it 7. No one knows this answer, ___? 12
13. A. does he B. doesn’t he C. do they D. don’t they 8. He never tells a lie, ___? A. does he B. doesn’t he C. he does D. he doesn’t 9. Don’t talk in class, ___? A. will you B. do you C. won’t you D. don’t you 10. Everything is alright, ___? A. is it B. isn’t it C. are they D. aren’t they 11. Let’s go, ___? A. do we B. don’t we C. shall we D. shall not we 12. Lisa’s been able to play the flute since she was six, ___? A. can’t she B. isn’t she C. wasn’t he D. hasn’t she 13. Neil seemed to have a good time at the party, ___? A. hadn’t he B. had he C. did he D. didn’t he 14. There has not been a great response to the sale, ___? A. does there B. hasn’t there C. has there D. hasn’t it 15.You are going to come to the party, ___? A. aren’t you B. do you C. will you D. won’t you 16. You’re Cynthia, ___ you? A. aren’t B. are C. didn’t D. were 17. We didn’t eat here last week, ___ we? A. didn’t B. did C. haven’t D. do 19. You have ever heard about Yuri Gagarin, ___? A. do you B. haven’t you C. don’t you D. didn’t you 20. He rarely goes to the market, ___? A. does he B. doesn’t he C. is he D. isn’t he 21. You needn’t do that when the maid is here, ___? A. need you B. do you C. isn’t she D. is she 22. Working hours will fall to under 35 hours a week, ___? A. will they B. won’t they C. won’t it D. will it 23. Let’s do something to protect the environment, ___? A. needn’t B. must C. shall D. will 24. He had to pay a fine, ___? A. hadn’t he B. doesn’t he C. didn’t he D. mustn’t he 25. I am the first person to be interviewed, ___? A. are you B. aren’t you C. am not I D. aren’t I Period 4 PHRASAL VERBS Ngữ động từ là động từ kép gồm có một động từ và một giới từ, trạng từ hoặc với cả hai. Các ngữ động từ không có nghĩa do các từ gộp lại nên ta phải học thuộc nghĩa của chúng. Ví dụ : turn down (bác bỏ), break down (hỏng máy), give up (từ bỏ) Ngữ động từ có thể phân biệt làm bốn loại : 1. Ngữ động từ tách ra được (separable phrasal verbs) là các ngữ động từ cho phép tân ngữ chen vào ở giữa. Ví dụ : + We put out the fire. = We put the fire out + We put it out (không được nói “We put out it” ) 2. Ngữ động từ không tách ra được (inseparable phrasal verbs ) là các ngữ động từ không cho phép tân ngữ chen vào ở giữa, dù tân ngữ là danh từ hay đại từ. + We should go over the whole project. + We should go over it. 3. Ngoài ra, ta còn gặp ngữ động từ không có tân ngữ (intransitive phrasal verbs). + When we got to the airport, the plane had taken off. 4. Ngữ động từ gồm có từ (three-word phrasal verbs) là các ngữ động từ không thể tách ra được. + We’ve put up with our noisy neighbours four years. + The machine stopped working because it ran out of fuel.  Các giới từ và trạng từ thông dụng trong ngữ động từ : Down (xuống đất) : cut down a tree, pull down a building, knock him down Down ( lên giấy) : write down the number, copy down the addres, note down a lecture Down (giảm bớt) : turn down the volume, slow down, ( a fire) that đie down Down ( ngừng hoạt động hoàn toàn) : break down, close down Off (rời khỏi) : set off a journey, a plane that took off, see a friend off at the airport, sell goods off cheaply, a book cover that came off. Off (làm gián đoạn) : turn off/switch off the television, cut off the electricity 13
14. On ( mặc, mang vao) : have a shirt on, put the shoes on, try a coat on On (tiếp tục) : keep on doing sth, work on late, hang on/hold on On (kết nối) : turn on/switch on the light, leave the radio on Out (biến mất) : put out a fire, blow out the candle, wipe out the dirt, cross out the word Out (hoàn toàn, đến hết) : clean out the table, fill out a form, work out the answer Out (phân phát) : give out/hand out copies, share out the flood between them Out (lớn giọng) : read out all the names, shout out, cry out, speak out Out (rõ ràng) : make out the meanings, point out a mítake, pick out the best Over (từ đầu đến cuối) : read over/check over sth, think over/talk over a problem, go over a report Up (làm gia tăng) : turn up the volume, blow up/pump up a tyre, step up production Up (hoàn toàn, hết sạch) : eat/drink it up, use up sth, clear up/tidy up the mess EXERCISES I. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. When the police investigate a crime, they ___ evidence such as fingerprints, hair, or clothing. A. look after B. look up to C. look for D. look into 2. “Do you ___ your new roommate, or do you two argue?” A. keep in touch with B. get along with C. on good terms with D. get used to 3. After months of testing, the Russian space scientists ___ a space suit that works better than any other in history. A. came up B. came up with C. came up to D. came out with 4. Let’s check our hotel room ___ before we pay for it. A. out B. away C. up D. off 5. He lost the tennis match, so we will try to cheer him ___ A. out B. away C. on D. up 6. The mechanic broke the engine ___ its many components A. up into B. into C. down into D. off into 7. The couple broke ___ their engagement after they had a huge argument. A. in B. over C. off D. away 8. The new mayor will bring ___ a change in local government policies. A. with B. out C. up D. about 9. Sahra said she took golf ___ so that she could meet more interesting people. A. on B. over C. back D. up 10. Try ___ this bicycle to determine if you feel comfortable on it. A. out B. on C. off D. at 11. She turned the first offer ___ because she wanted more money for her house. A. off B. away C. out D. down 12. They decided to name the new baby boy___ Grandpa. A. of B. after C. with D. as 13. Mom told little boys to put all his toys ___ before coming to dinner. A. out B. off C. away D. in 14.The couple put their wedding ___ until next year. A. off B. up C. on D. away 15. The gunman told the victim to hand ___ all his money. A. out B. over C. in D. off 16. Don’t throw your jacket on the bed. Hang it ___ A. up B. over C. on D. in 17. The supervisor told her to keep ___ the good work. A. over B. on C. with D.up 18. Man is killing ___ all the fish in the sea. A. out B. away C. off D. up 19. If you leave ___ any information, the form will be returned to you. A. down B. out C. up D. away 20. Security is very important in this building. Don’t let anyone ___ unless they show you proper identification. A. in B. out C. off D. on 21. People who don’t get ___ their coworkers sometimes don’t last long at their jobs. A. up with B. along with C. on to D. by with 22. It’s difficult to ___ luxuries when you ‘re used to having them A. cut down on B. cut down at C. cut off on D. cut down into 23. Governments should ___ international laws against terrorism. A. bring up B. bring about C. bring in D. bring back 24. “Can you read the sign?” “Just a minute. Let me ___ my glasses.” A. put off B. put on C. put with D. put away 25. “That old paint that you have stored in your garage is a fine hazart.” “You’ve right. I should ___ it.” A. get away from B. get rid of C. get through with D. get along with 14
15. 26. “You must be anxious to go on your vacation.” “I certainly am. I’m really___ this trip. A. looking for B. looking forward C. looking forward to D. looking up to 27. “Who ___ out that tie for you?” “No one. I chose it myself.” A. bought B. brought C. turned D. picked 28. I was talking to my aunt when suddenly my cousin George ___ in on our conversation. A. interrupted B. broke C. went D. interviewed 29. After ten minutes, the students ___ in their quizzes to the instructor. A. gave B. had C. held D. handed 30. “What ___ your flight?” “There was a big snowstorm in Denver that delayed a lot of flights” A. delayed up B. postponed C. held up D. hung up II. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting 1. It took him a long time to take away the death of his wife. A B C D 2. Billy hasn't been working; he won't get off his examinations. A B C D 3. Gertrude takes down her mother; she has blue eyes and fair hair too. A B C D 4. The government hopes to carry on its plans for introducing cable TV. A B C D 5. Remember to take care your shoes when you are in a Japanese house. A B C D 6. Why do they give up talking about money all the time? A B C D 7. Paula applied for the post but she was turned down A B C D III. Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one. 1. The bomb exploded with a loud bang which could be heard all over the town. A. went on B. went out C. went off D. went away 2. John, could you look after my handbag while I go out for a minute. A. take part in B. take over C. take place D. take care of 3. Look out! There’s a car coming! A. The car is behind you, so you should run. B. Don’t go away because the car is coming. C. Hurry up or you will be late for the car. D. You should be careful because the car is coming. 4. Both Ann and her sister look like her mother. A. take after B. take place C. take away D. take on 5. I’ll be back in a minute, Jane. I just want to try out my new tape recorder. A. resemble B. test C. arrive D. buy 6. Frank never turns up on time for a meeting. A. calls B. arrives C. reports D. prepares 7. Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.{ put off: postpone: delay} A. do B. let C. delay D. leave 8. My father still hasn’t really recovered from the death of my mother. A. looked after B. taken after C. gone off D. got over Period 5 CONJUNCTIONS “BOTH AND”; “NOT ONLY BUT ALSO”; “EITHER OR”; “NEITHER NOR” + CONDITIONAL IN REPORTED SPEECH A. Conjunctions “Both And; Not Only But Also; Either Or; Neither Nor” I. Affirmative agreement (sự đồng ý khẳng định): too, so (cũng); both and (vừa vừa/ cả lẫn) ; “not only but also”(không những mà còn ), 1. S1 + V1, and S2 V0 , too. 3. Both + Noun/pronoun and + Noun/pronoun Not only Verb but also Verb 2. S1 + V1, and so V0 S2 Adjective Adjective Adverb Adverb Ex My father is a teacher. My sister is a teacher. Note: 1. My father is a teacher, and my sister is , too. - V0 là trợ động từ của V2 phù hợp với 2. My father is a teacher, and so is my sister. S2 - khi sử dụng “so ” ta đảo ngữ. - khi dùng “both and” để nối hai chủ 3. Both my father and my sister are teachers. từ, động từ chia số nhiều. 15
16. 4. Not only my father but also my sister is a teacher too. - khi dùng “not only but also ” để nối hai chủ từ, động từ chia theo chủ từ thứ hai - ta dùng “ not only but .as well ‘ going như “not only but also ”. II. Negative agreement (sự đồng ý phủ định ): either (cũng ), neither (cũng không ), neither .nor (không .cũng không ) 1. S1 + V1, and S2 + V0, either. 3.Neither + Noun/pronoun nor + Noun/pronoun Verb Verb 2. S1 + V1, and neither + V0 + S2 Adjective Adjective Adverb Adverb Ex My father doesn’t like football. My brother doesn’t like Note: football. - khi dùng “neither ” , yếu tố phủ 1. My father doesn’t like football and my brother doesn’t, định bỏ đi và ta đảo ngữ. either. - khi dùng “neither nor” để nối hai 2. My father doesn’t like football and neither does my brother. chủ từ, động từ chia theo chủ từ 3. Neither my father nor my brother likes football. thứ hai. III. either .or (hoặc hoăc ) diễn tả sự chọn lựa một trong hai Note: Either + Noun/pronoun Or + Noun/pronoun - khi dùng :either or” để Verb Verb nối hai chủ từ, động từ chia Adjective Adjective theo chủ từ thứ hai. Adverb Adverb Ex: You can have either tea or coffee. Either your brother or you are responsible for this mistake. EXERCISES I. Choose the best answer A,B,C or D that best completes the sentence. 1. When I was in Paris on holiday, we stayed ___at a hotel ___at a guest-house because our relatives put us up there. A. both and B. neither nor C. either or D. not only but also 2 We’ve been doing business with ___IBM ___Microsoft. They are our best partners. A. both and B. either or C. neither nor D. not only but also 3. This evening, I___ go to library ___come to my friend’s house to study because we are going to have an important examination on the day after tomorrow. A. both and B. either or C. neither nor D. not only but also 3. ___the director ___his secretary are away on business. You have to wait until they return on Friday. A. Both and B. Either or C. Neither nor D. Not only but also 4. Both Son and Vinh like English. ___ of them likes literature. A. None B. Neither C. Either D. Both 5. Neither she nor I ___ responsible for that. It isn’t our duty. A. are B. is C. am D. have 6. She ___ hard but also gets on well with her classmates. A. doesn’t only study B. studies not only C. not studies only D. not only studies 7. Not only John but also his two brothers ___ football as their recreation every weekend. A. play B. plays C. were playing D. has play 8. I ___ using either this computer or that one. A. don’t mind B. doesn’t mind C. don’t learn D. doesn’t learn 9. We can see the film either tonight ___ tomorrow night. A. or B. and C. either D. so 10. Neither the radio nor the television ___ properly. A. doesn’t work B. works C. work D. didn’t work 11. Tom was late and ___ Ann. A. so is B. so was C. was too D. is too 12. Jim hasn’t got a car. Carol hasn’t got a car, ___. A. too B. so C. neither D. either 13. The film was both boring ___ long. A. too B. so C. and D. too 14. Not only Mr. Nam but also his children ___ just arrived in Vietnam. A. have B. has C. had D. hasn’t 15. Neither the soldiers nor the officer ___ alive. 16
17. A. were B. aren’t C. isn’t D. was 16. On Friday, he ___ goes to the cinema or stays home and watches TV. A. also B. too C. quite D. either 17. You don’t know French. Do you know Spanish? - ___, I know neither French nor French. A. Not B. No C. Yes D. OK 18. He bought the blue one. Did he buy the red one? -___ he bought both the blue one and the red one. A. Yes B. No C. Not D. OK 19. My father is a teacher and my sisters are ___ A. too B. so C. either D. neither 20. Helen lost her passport at the airport. She ___ lost her wallet there. A. too B. also C. and D. so II. Choose word or phrase A,B, C or D -that needs correcting. 21. Over 51 percent of households in Britain have two and more TV sets. A B C D 22. I’m going to buy both a camera or a DVD player with the money. A B C D 23.Movies are not only a form of entertainment but a source of information as too. A B C D III. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the sentence given in each of the following question. 24. I haven’t got time to go on holiday. And I haven’t got the money. A. I’ve got neither time nor the money to go on holiday. B. I’ve got either time or the money to go on holiday. C. I’ve got both time and the money to go on holiday. D. I’ve got not only time but also the money to go on holiday. 25. Tom was late . So was Jane. A. Both Tom and Jane were late. B. Neither Tom nor Jane was late. C. Either Tom or Jane was late. D. Not only Tom but also Jane were late. B. Conditional In Reported Speech Khi tường thuật câu điều kiện, chúng ta cần chú ý những điểm sau: 1.Tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 1: thay đổi thì của động từ và làm những thay đổi cần thiết như đại từ, trạng từ thời gian và nơi chốn, từ chỉ định. EX: Direct: . “If I have a lot of money, I’ll build houses for the poor.”, John said. Reported: John said (that ) if he had a lot of money, he would build houses for the poor. 2. Tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 2: Không thay đổi thì của động từ nhưng vẫn làm những thay đổi cần thiết như đại từ, trạng từ thời gian và nơi chốn. EX: Direct: . “ If today were Sunday, we wouldn’t go to school” they said to me. Reported: They told me ( that)if that day were Sunday, they wouldn’t go to school. 3. Tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 3: Không thay đổi thì của động từ nhưng vẫn làm những thay đổi cần thiết như đại từ, trạng từ thời gian và nơi chốn. EX: Direct: “If you had gone to my house-warming, you would have met some of your old friends,” Miguel said to me. Reported: Miguel said (that) if I had gone to his house-warming, I would have met some of my old friends.  Note: ta cần lưu ý đến một số thay đổi sau: + Changing pronouns and possessive adjectives: - ngôi thứ I chuyển về cùng ngôi với chủ ngữ của mệnh đề chính. - ngôi thứ II chuyển về cùng ngôi với tân ngữ của mệnh đề chính. - ngôi thứ III giữ nguyên. + Changing tenses: DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH Simple Present Simple Past Present Continuous Past Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Simple Past 17
18. can/ will + Bare inf. could/ would + Bare inf. must + Bare inf. had to + Bare inf. + Changing Adverbs of Time and Places, Demonstratives: DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH Now Then Today That day Tonight That night Yesterday The day before/ The previous day Yesterday morning The previous morning Last night/ year The previous night/ year (a week) ago (a week) before Tomorrow The day after/ The following day Tomorrow morning The following morning Next week/ month The following week This That These Those Here There 4. Khi tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 1 có mệnh đề chính ở dạng câu mênh lệnh hoặc yêu cầu (commands or requests) , chúng ta có thể dùng các cách sau: 4.1 Dùng: S + told / asked + O + To – Infinitive EX: Direct: “If you have any difficulty, give me a ring. ” he said. Reported: He told /asked me to give him a ring if I had any difficulty. 4.2 Dùng: was/were + to - lnfinitive EX: Direct: “If you miss the last bus, take a taxi,” Kevin said. Reported: Kevin said If I missed the last bus, I was to take a taxi,”. 4.3 Khi câu điều kiện có ý khuyên, dùng: S + advised + O + to –infinitive EX1: Direct: “If you feel tired, ” he said “Why don’t you have a rest ” Reported: He advised me to have a rest if I felt tired. EX2: Direct: “If your toothache gets worse, you should see the dentist,” she said. Reported: she advised me to see the dentist if my toothache got worse. EX3: Direct: “If I were you, I wouldn’t invest my money in this business,” my friend said. Reported: My friend advised me not to invest my money in that business. 5. Khi tường thuật câu điều kiện ở dạng câu hỏi wh-question, ta dùng cấu trúc câu hỏi : Reported for Wh –question: S + asked (+ O) + Wh-word + S1 + V1 EX: Direct: “ What would you if someone stepped on your feet?” he asked her. Reported: He asked her what she would if someone stepped on her feet. * S1+ V1: là chủ ngữ và động từ của câu cần tường thuật và cấu trúc câu hỏi trở về khẳng định EXERCISES : I. Choose the best to answer A,B,C or D for the following sentences. 1. She me to buy that coat. A. advised B. said C. said to D. told to 2.The man told her( that) he . to see her if he had time,” A. will come B. would come C. will have come D. would have come 3. The boy said to the girl that .was sure they . understand if explained the situation to them. A. he- will- she B. he- would – her C. him- would- she D. he- would –she 4. The man told me that had asked him, he . me his bike. A. if he -would have lent B. if I- will have lent C. if I - would have lent D. if he- would lend 5. The man told his daughter that they would be very disappointed if A. she didn’t come B. him didn’t come C. she doesn’t come D. she wouldn’t come 6. My son said that he would drive to work he a car. A. has B. had C. have D. had had 7. He asked me where in Vietnam I would like to live if I choose. 18
19. A. can B. could C. should D. could II. Choose the sentence that is closest meaning to the original one. 1. “ If I had done my homework, she wouldn’t have been angry,” he said to me. A. He said to me that if he had done his homework, she wouldn’t have been angry. B. He told me that if he had done my homework, she wouldn’t have been angry. C. He said to me that if I had done his homework, she wouldn’t have been angry. D. He said me that if he had done his homework, she wouldn’t have been angry. 2. “If I had enough money, I would buy that car,” Tom said A. Tom said if he had had enough money, he would buy that car. B. Tom said that if he had enough money, he would have bought that car. C. Tom said that he would buy that car if he had enough money D. Tom said that if he had enough money, I would buy that car. 3. The policeman asked us A. had any of us seen the accident happen. B. if had any of us seen the accident happen. C. whether any of us had seen the accident happen. D. that if any of us had seen the accident happen. 4. “We would be very happy if he came to see us today,” the patients said A. The patients said that they would be very happy if he came to see them that day. B. The patients said that we would be very happy if he came to see them that day. C. The patients said that they would be very happy if he came to see us that day. D. The patients said that they would have been very happy if he had come to see them today. 5. “If we leave now, we’ll catch the train”, He said to me. A. He advise me that if they left then, we would catch the train. B. He told me that if we left then, they would catch the train. C. He suggested me that if we had left then, we would have caught the train. D. He told me that if we left then, we would catch the train. 6. “ If I’d had my mobile yesterday, I could have contacted you,” Tom said A. Tom said that if he had his mobile yesterday, he could have contacted me. B Tom said that had he had his mobile the day before, he could have contacted you. C. Tom said that if he had had his mobile the day before, he could have contacted me. D. Tom said that if he had have his mobile the day before, he could have contacted me. 7. “If the disease is untreated, it can lead to the brain damage,” said the doctor. A. The doctor said that If the disease was untreated, it will lead to the brain damage. B. The doctor said that If the disease is untreated, it can lead to the brain damage. C. The doctor said that If the disease was untreated, it could lead to the brain damage. D. The doctor told us that If the disease was untreated , it can lead to the brain damage. 8. “What would you do if you had 3 days off?”, Tom asked me A. Tom asked me what I would do if I had 3 days off. B. Tom said to me what would you do if you had 3 days off? C. Tom asked me what I would do if you had 3 days off. D. Tom asked me what I would have done if I had had 3 days off. Period 6: VOCABULARY: SYNONYMS + ANTONYM I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions. 1. I could see the finish line and thought I was home and dry. A. hopeless B. hopeful C. successful D. unsuccessful 2. Carpets from countries such as Persia and Afghanistan often fetch high prices in the United States. A. Artifacts B. Pottery C. Rugs D. Textiles 3. Though many scientific breakthroughs have resulted from mishaps it has taken brilliant thinkers to recognize their potential. A. accidents B. misunderstandings C. incidentals D. misfortunes 4. The shop assistant was totally bewildered by the customer’s behavior. A. disgusted B. puzzled C. angry D. upset 5. He didn’t bat an eyelid when he realized he failed the exam again. A. wasn’t happy B. didn’t want to see C. didn’t show surprise D. didn’t care 6. Ralph Nader was the most prominent leader of the U.S consumer protection movement. A. casual B. significant C. promiscuous D. aggressive 7. Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute Niagara falls. A. come without knowing what they will see B. come in large numbers 19
20. C. come out of boredom D. come by plane 8. Around 150 B.C. the Greek astronomer Hipparchus developed a system to classify stars according to brightness. A. record B. shine C. categorize D. diversify 9. She is always diplomatic when she deals with angry students. A. strict B. outspoken C. firm D. tactful 10. Roget’s Thesaurus, a collection of English words and phrases, was originally arranged by the ideas they express rather than by alphabetical order. A. restricted B. as well as C. unless D. instead of 11. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on Earth may be unique in the solar system was strengthened. A. outcome B. continuation C. beginning D. expansion 12. Let’s wait here for her; I’m sure she’ll turn up before long. A. arrive B. return C. enter D. visit 13. This tapestry has a very complicated pattern. A. obsolete B. intricate C. ultimate D. appropriate 14. During the Great Depression, there were many wanderers who traveled on the railroads and camped along the tracks. A. veterans B. tyros C. vagabonds D. zealots 15. We decided to pay for the furniture on the installment plan. A. monthly payment B. cash and carry C. credit card D. piece by piece 16. The last week of classes is always very busy because students are taking examinations, making applications to the University, and extending their visas. A. hectic B. eccentric C. fanatic D. prolific 17. The drought was finally over as the fall brought in some welcome rain. A. heat ware B. harvest C. summer D. aridity 18. When their rent increased from 200 to 400 a month, they protested against such a tremendous increase. A. light B. huge C. tiring D. difficult 19. In 1952, Akihito was officially proclaimed heir to the Japanese throne. A. installed B. declared C. denounced D. advised 20. The augmentation in the population has created a fuel shortage. A. increase B. necessity C. demand D. decrease 21. If we had taken his sage advice, we wouldn’t be in so much trouble now. A. willing B. sturdy C. wise D. eager 22. A mediocre student who gets low grades will have trouble getting into an Ivy League college. A. average B. lazy C. moronic D. diligent 23. The politician’s conviction for tax fraud jeopardized his future in public life. A. rejuvenated B. penalized C. jettisoned D. endangered 24. This is the instance where big, obvious non-verbal signals are appropriate. A. situation B. attention C. place D. matter 25. He had never experienced such discourtesy towards the president as it occurred at the annual meeting in May. A. politeness B. rudeness C. encouragement D. measurement 26. Parents interpret facial and vocal expressions as indicators of how a baby is feeling. A. translate B. understand C. read D. comprehend 27. The notice should be put in the most conspicuous place so that all the students can be well- informed. A. popular B. suspicious C. easily seen D. beautiful 28. I think we have solved this problem once and for all. A. forever B. for goods C. temporarily D. in the end 29. The works of such men as the English philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes helped pave the way for academic freedom in the modern sense. A. terminate B. prevent C. initiate D. lighten 30. Many scientists agree that global warming poses great threats to all species on Earth. A. risks B. annoyances C. fears D. irritations II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions. 1. We have to husband our resources to make sure we make it through these hard times. A. spend B. manage C. use up D. marry 2. I find it hard to work at home because there are too many distractions. A. attention B. unawareness C. unconcern D. carelessness. 3. Televisions are a standard feature in most hotel rooms. 20
21. A. abnormal B. common C. customary D. typical 4 We offer a speedy and secure service of transferring money in less than 24 hours. A. uninterested B. unsure C. slow D. open 5. The Gibbon, Great Sandy, and Tarami Deserts comprise an enormous sandy area. A. very small B. a lot of C. a few D. very large 6. You shouldn’t wear casual clothes to an interview. A. formal B. informal C. beautiful D. fashionable 7. He decided not to buy the fake watch and wait until he had more money. A. authentic B. forger C. faulty D. original 8. Her father likes the head cabbage rare. A. over-boiled B. precious C. scarce D. scare 9. I realized I’d put on weight when my trousers started to feel a bit tight. A. become thinner B. gain weight C. lost weight D. get lost 10.The websites sent me weekly recipes of healthy diet meals, but also recommended that I should cut down on the actual portion size, and obviously cut out junk food, sweets, fizzy drinks, etc. A. eat, drink or use more of something. B. eat, drink or use less of something. C. eat, drink or use much of something. D. eat, drink or use little of something. 11. There are several different kinds of faults in reading which are usually more exaggerated with foreign learners. A. overestimated B. understated C. overemphasized D. undertaken 12. Whatever the activity level, all types of hobbies can require high levels of expertise. A. incapable B. incompetence C. expertness D. skillfulness 13. We can’t make any conclusions right now with this paucity of information. A. excess B. timidity C. certainty D. scarcity 14. If you are at a loose end this weekend, I will show you round the city. A. free B. confident C. occupied D. reluctant. 15 Because Jack defaulted on his loan, the bank took him to court. A. failed to pay B. paid in full C. had a bad personality D. was paid much money 16. I could see the finish line and thought I was home and dry. A. hopeless B. hopeful C. successful D. unsuccessful 17. The International Organizations are going to be in a temporary way in the country. A. soak B. permanent C. complicated D. guess 18. The US troops are using much more sophisticated weapons in the Far East. A. expensive B. complicated C. simple and easy to use D. difficult to operate 19. In remote communities, it's important to replenish stocks before the winter sets in. A. remake B. empty C. refill D. repeat 20. There has been no discernible improvement in the noise levels since lorries were banned. A. clear B. obvious C. thin D. insignificant 21. She had a cozy little apartment in Boston. A. uncomfortable B. warm C. lazy D. dirty 22. He was so insubordinate that he lost his job within a week. A. fresh B. disobedient C. obedient D. understanding 23. His career in the illicit drug trade ended with the police raid this morning . A. elicited B. irregular C. secret D. legal 24. Fruit and vegetables grew in abundance on the island. The islanders even exported the surplus. A. large quantity B. small quantity C. excess D. sufficiency 25. During the five- decade history the Asian Games have been advancing in all aspects. A. holding at B. holding back C. holding to D. holding by 26. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. A. explicit B. implicit C. obscure D. odd 27. A chronic lack of sleep may make us irritable and reduces our motivation to work. A. uncomfortable B. responsive C. calm D. miserable 28. Population growth rates vary among regions and even among countries within the same region. A. restrain B. stay unchanged C. remain unstable D. fluctuate 29. Unless the two signatures are identical, the bank won’t honor the check. A. similar B. different C. fake D. genuine 30. Strongly advocating health foods, Jane doesn’t eat any chocolate. A. supporting B. impugning C. advising D. denying 21
22. Period 7 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME A. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (Adverbial clause of time / Time-clause) thường được kết hợp với mệnh đề chính bằng các liên từ thời gian (conjunctions of time) sau: when, while, as, as soon as, until/til, after, before, since, once, whenever, the moment, no sooner than, hardly when B. Use of tenses in the Time-clause: Chúng ta có thể phân biệt cách dùng thì trong mệnh đề chỉ thời gian theo 3 nhóm sau: 1. Main clause (Present simple) + Time clause (Present simple, present progressive or present perfect) * Cả hai mệnh đề đều dùng thì hiện tại đơn để chỉ I normally stay at hom when it rains một thói quen ở hiện tại * Mệnh đề chỉ thời gian dùng với thì hiện tại tiếp He usually sings aloud when he is having a bath. diễn dùng để chỉ tính liên tục của hành động. He only goes out for a walk after he has had dinner. * Mệnh đề thời gian dùng với thì hiện tại hoàn Or: He only goes out for a walk after he has thành để nhấn mạnh sự hoàn tất của một hành dinner. động. 2. Main clause (Future tenses) + Time clause (Present simple or present perfect) - I’m going to wait until you finish work * Mệnh đề chính: Thì tương lai. - I am going to wait until you have finished work. * Mệnh đề thời gian: có thể dùng thì hiện tại đơn - We will go until you finish work. hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành. - We will go until you have finished work. * Mệnh đề chính: Thì tương lai hoàn thành để chỉ - The film will have already begun by the time we việc gì sẽ hoàn tất trước một việc gì khác trong get to the cinema. tương lai. * Mệnh đề thời gian: Thường dùng với thì hiện tại đơn. 3. Main clause (past simple, past progressive or past perfect) + time clause (past simple, past progressive, or past perfect) - She became speechless whenever she met a stranger. * Cả hai mệnh đề dùng thì quá khứ đơn để chi - I usually felt cold when I was afraid. một thói quen trong quá khứ. - The sun was shining when we arrived there. * Mệnh đề chính: dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, để - The accident happened while he was driving nói điều gì đang diễn ra thì một việc khác làm home. gián đoạn. - My wife was cooking while I was looking after the baby. * Cả hai mệnh đề đều dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn - As the man was running away, the dog was để chỉ hai hành động cùng đồng thời diễn ra chasing him. trong khoảng thời gian. * Hai mệnh đề đều dùng thì quá khứ đơn để diễn - When I arrived, Anne made a cup of tea. tả hai hành động kế tiếp nhau (= khi tôi đến thì Ann mới đi pha trà). - When / Before I arrived, Anne had made some * Mệnh đề chính dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành để biscuits. nói một hành động đã hoàn tất trước một hành Or: Anne had made some biscuits when/before I động khác trong quá khứ (=Khi tôi đến thì Anne arrived. đã làm xong bánh qui). * Chú ý: Khi dùng since, chúng ta thường dùng thì trong hai mệnh đề như sau: Main clause (present perfect) + Time clause (past simple). Ví dụ: - Tommy has made good progress since he came to this school. - Since she graduated from college, she has changed her job three times. Các ví dụ khác với mệnh đề thời gian: - I still feel tired when I wake up in the morning. - His hands shake whenever he takes a photo. - The moment/ As soon as I know the result, I’ll call you. - He had an accident while he was driving to work. - He didn’t go home until he had finished his work. Chú ý: a) Hầu hết các thì đều được dùng trong mệnh đề thời gian, ngoại trừ các thì tương lai (future tenses). Ví dụ: - I’ll ask Brian about this when I meet him tomorrow. (Not: I’ll ask Brian about this when I will meet him tomorrow.) - Lily intended to tell Gary the truth when she saw him the next day. (Not: Lily intended to tell Gary the truth when she would see him the next day). 22
23. b) Chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ đơn đối với mệnh đề thời gian sau SINCE trong cấu trúc: It is + Time + since + Subject + Past simple. Ví dụ: - It’s ages since I enjoyed myself so much. (= I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for ages) Đôi khi người ta cũng dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành sau SINCE trong cấu trúc này. Ví dụ: - It’s ages since I have enjoyed myself so much. c) No sooner than và Hardly when: Chúng ta thường dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành trong mệnh đề chính và thì quá khứ đơn trong mệnh đề thời gian với no sooner than / hardly when. Ví dụ: - She had no sooner drunk the coffee than she began to feel drowsy. - I had hardly turned on my computer when there was a power cut. Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng thì hiện tại đơn với no sooner than / hardly when để diễn tả thói quen hoặc việc thường xuyên xảy ra. Ví dụ: - They no sooner stop a quarrel than they start a new one. - He hardly makes any money when he spends it on gambling. Chú ý: Hardly có thể được thay thế bằng scarcely hoặc barely, nhưng không thông dụng lắm. Ví dụ: - He had scarcely/ barely bought a new cellphone when he got it lost. EXERCISES I. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 1. Lan has learnt English since she___ a small girl. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been 2. Don’t go anywhere until I___ back. A. come B. came C. will come D. am coming 3. Before cars___, people___ horses and bicycles. A. were discovered/ had used B. discovering/ had used C. had discovered/ used D. discovered/ had used 4. I am going to speak with the boss when the meeting ___. A. will end B. ends C. is ending D. would end 5. When we___ him tomorrow, we will remind him of that. A. will see B. see C. am seeing D. saw. 6. When he comes, I___ her the news. A. tell B. will tell C. would tell D. would have told 7. When the police came, they ___. A. are fighting B. fought C. would be fighting D. were fighting 8. Before she came to England, she ___ English. A. studied B. will study C. had studied D was studying 9. I have lost touch with him ___ He left for London. A. as soon as B. after C. before D. since 10. My mother is washing the dishes ___ my father is watching television. A. when B. while C. as D. since 11. ___, I will give him the report. A. When he will return B. When he returns C. Until he will return D. No sooner he returns 12. ___ the firemen arrived to help, we had already put out the fire. A. Until B. No sooner C. By the time D. After 13. I have earned my own living ___ I was seven. A. since B. when C. while D. as soon as 14. saw many beautiful birds ___ in the lake. A when we are fishing B. while fishing C. while fished D. fishing 15. ___, Peter came to see me. A. While having dinner B. While I was having dinner C. When having dinner D. When lam having dinner 16. ___ my homework, I went to bed. A. After I had finished B. After finished C. Finished D. After had finished 17. ___ the dance, Jerry said good-bye to his girlfriend. A. Before left B. Before he leaves C. Before leaving D. Before he will leave 18. Jones ___ after everyone ___. A. speaks / will eat B. will speak / has eaten 23
24. C. is speaking / eats D. has spoken / will have eaten 19. ___, Joe stays in bed and reads magazines. A. Whenever raining B. As it will be raining C. When it will rain D. Whenever it rains 20. ___ in Rome than he was kidnapped. A. No sooner he arrived B. Had he no sooner arrived C. No sooner had he arrived D. No sooner he had arrived 21. ___ Peter gets here, we will congratulate him. A. As soon as B. After C. No sooner D. Since 22. Mrs. Pike ___ the door before the customers arrived. A. had opened B. will open C. would open D. has open 23. After Mariana ___ her exam, I ___ her out to eat. A. was finishing / would take B. finished / had taken C. will finish / have taken D. has finished / will take 24. Mary will have finished all her work ___. A. as soon as her boss returned B. until her boss will return C. by the time her boss returns D. when he-r boss will return 25. She went on crying, with her head sunk into a pillow, and cried and cried ___ the pillow was wet through. A. before B. after C. until D. while 26. ___ you finish typing that report make five copies of it and give it to aloof the officers. A. While B. When C. But D. Although 27. When the passenger ___, will you please give him this package? A. will arrive B. arrives C. would arrives D. arriving 28. They were playing in the garden when___. A. they have heard a scream B. they were hearing a scream C. they heard a scream D. they had heard a scream 29. He cleaned his shoes___ they shone. A. when B. after C. while D. until 30. I had no sooner lit the barbecue ___ it started to rain. A. as B. while C. than D. that 31. When the paint___ it’ll change from a light to a deep red. A. dry B. dries C. dried D. will dry 32. When___ older I’d love to be an artist. A. I’m B. I’ll be C. was D. have been 33. By the time he retires, he___ $20,000. A. will save B. has saved C. had saved D. will have saved 34. When I___ here for fifteen years I'll be entitled to a pension. A. work B. am working C. have worked D. had worked II. Identify the underlined part that needs correction. 1. When it raining, I usually go to school by bus. A B C D 2. I learned a lot of Japanese while I am in Tokyo. A B C D 3. I have not been well since I return home. A B C D 4. I’ll stay here until will you get back. A B C D 5. When Sam was in New York, he stays with his cousins. A B C D 6. Last night, I had gone to bed after I had finished my homework. A B C D 7. I will call you before I will come over. A B C D 8. Ever since I was a child, I had been afraid of dogs. A B C D 9. By the time I left my apartment this morning, someone looked for me. A B C D 10. Whenever Mark will be angry, his nose gets red. A B C D 11. I had fried chicken when I am at the restaurant. A B C D 12. The first time that I went to New York, I go to an opera. 24
25. A B C D 13. Before I arrived, he was talking on the phone. A B C D 14. When she will see him tomorrow, she will ask him. A B C D 15. As I was walking home, it begin to rain. A B C D 16. We stayed there after we finished our work. A B C D 17. Once it will stop raining, we will leave. A B C D 18. I will never speak to him again as long as I will live. A B C D 19. As soon as the other passengers gets on the bus, we’ll leave. A B C D 20. As soon as I will finish my report, I’ll call you and we’ll go out to dinner. A B C D 21. Mark was listening to music after his sister was reading a book. A B C D 22. Sam hadn’t received the parcel when I speak to him. A B C D 23. I have been hoping to meet you before I read your first novel. A B C D 24. By the time you finishes getting ready, we will have missed the train. A B C D 25. When you will arrive, there will be someone to meet. A B C D III. Choose the correct sentence which has the same meaning as the given one. 1. Michael took a deep breath and dived into the water. A. After Michael had taken a deep breath, he dived into the water. B. Having taken a taken a deep breath, Michael dived into the water. C. After Michael had taken a deep breath, he had dived into the water. D. A and B are correct. 2. Someone knocked on the door during my lunchtime. A. I had lunch when someone knocked on the door. B. When I had had lunch, someone knocked on the door. C. I was having lunch when someone was knocking on the door. D. I was having lunch when someone knocked on the door. 3. After locking the door of the shop, she left. A. She didn’t leave as soon as she locked the door of the shop. B. She didn’t leave before she locked the door of the shop. C. She didn’t leave until she locked the door of the shop. D. She left before she locked the door of the shop. 4. She didn’t say a word when she left the room. A. She left the room, saying a word B. Leaving the room, she said nothing. C. She left the room without saying a word D. B and C are correct. 5. Julia cleaned the house. Then she fell asleep on the sofa. A. After falling asleep on the sofa, Julia cleaned the house. B. After cleaning the house, Julia fell asleep on the sofa. C. Julia cleaned the house so that she could sleep on the sofa. D. Julia fell asleep on the sofa while she was cleaning the house. 6. During my dinner, the phone rang. A. The phone rang and I had dinner. B. The phone rang right after my dinner time. C. The phone began to ring as soon as my dinner was served. D. While I was having dinner, the phone rang. 7. We had to put off our wedding until September. A. It was not until September that our wedding had to be put off. B. Not until September did we have to put off our wedding. C. Our wedding until September had to be postponed. D. Our wedding had to be postponed until September. 8. As soon as he arrived at the airport, he called home. 25
26. A. He arrived at the airport sooner than he had expected. B. No sooner had he arrived at the airport than he called home. C. Calling home, he said that he had arrived at the airport. D. He arrived at the airport and called me to take him home. 9. When you are going to foreign countries, you should get medical advice first A. Before gone to foreign countries, you should get medical advice first. B. Before getting medical advice, you're going to foreign countries. C. You should get medical advice before you will go to foreign countries. D. Before going to foreign countries, you should get medical advice first. 10. / won't agree until John's apologized. A. I only agree when John will apologize. B. I wait for John apologize to agree. C. Only when John's apologized will I agree. D. Only when John's apologized I will agree. 11. It was breakfast time that Susan rang to me. A. When Susan rang to, me I had finished my breakfast. B. Susan rang to me after I had had my breakfast. C. When Susan rang to me, I was having my breakfast. D. I was going to have my breakfast when Susan rang to me. 12. The last time I went swimming was when I met you in Ha Long. A. I swam a lot when I was in Ha Long. B. I hadn't been swimming before I went to Ha Long. C. I haven't been swimming since I met you in Ha Long. D. I went swimming while I was in Ha Long. 13. She hasn't seen her uncle for years. A. She didn't see her uncle for a long time. B. It's years ago she has seen her uncle. C. It's the last time she saw her uncle. D. It's years since she last saw her uncle 14. / have never seen a romantic film. A. This is the first time I saw a romantic film. B. This is the first time I have seen a romantic film. C. This is this first romantic film I saw. D. This is the first romantic film I had seen. 15. I bumped into her during my stay in London. A. I ran into her while I was staying in London. B. I kept in touch with her during my stay in London. C. I saw her while I was staying in London. D. I ran over her while I was in London. 16. I will ring you the moment I receive my result. A. As soon as I receive my result, I will phone you. B. Sooner or later after I receive my result, I will give you a ring. C. After receiving my result, I will call you, D. I make you a phone when I gets my result. 17. We had hardly arrived the theater when the performance began. A. The performance had started before we arrive the theater. B. The performance started sooner than we arrived the theater. C. When we arrived the theater, the performance had already started. D. No sooner had we arrived the theater than the performance began. 18. Travelling in a plane always makes me nervous. A. I'm always nervous if travel in the air. B. I'm never nervous when I travel by air. C. I'm always nervous when I travel by air. D. I'm always nervous when I travel by the plane. 26
27. SAMPLE TEST 1 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. Question 1: A. roofs B. cloths C. books D. clothes Question 2: A. country B. encourage C. ground D. young Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions. Question 3: A. adventure B. attendance C. opponent D. penalty Question 4: A. maintain B. confide C. happen D. reserve Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. Question 5: Publishing in the UK, the book has won a number of awards in recent regional book fairs. A B C D Question 6: Although they always argue with each other, but they are good friends. A B C D Question 7: Globally and internationally, the 1990's stood out as the warmest decade in the history of A B C weather records. D Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Question 8: Children should be ___ by their parents on the first day of school. A. accompanied B. followed C. involved D. associated Question 9: Dad to his children: “It’s gone 12 o’clock already. It’s time for ___ bed.” A. an B. a C. the D. Ø Question 10: Most of us would agree that physical ___ does not play a major part in how we react to the people we meet. A. attractiveness B. attract C. attractively D. attractive Question 11: As the two teams left the football ground, the 100,000 ___ gave them a standing ovation. A. bystanders B. spectators C. viewers D. audiences Question 12: You'd better get someone your living room. A. redecorated B. to redecorate C. redecorating. D. redecorate Question 13: It is essential that Alice ___ Tom of the meeting tomorrow. A. remind B. must remind C. reminds D. will remind Question 14: Not only ___ to speak to him, but she also vowed never to see him again. A. she refused B. did she refuse C. she did refuse D. when she refused Question 15: My wallet ___ at the station while I ___ for the train. A. will be stolen/ am waiting B. had to steal/ would be waiting C. must have been stolen/ was waiting D. should have stolen/ had been waiting Question 16: Ernest Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea, ? A. doesn’t he B. won’t he C. wouldn’t he D. didn’t he Question 17: It‘s too late; you shouldn‘t go. Don‘t worry! We can ___ for a night. A. put you up B. put you through C. put you away D. put you aside Question 18: The farmer was very angry ___ the dogs chasing his sheep. A. for B. with C. because D. about Question 19 : ”How was your exam?””A couple of questions were tricky, but on the ___ its was pretty easy” A. spot B. generate C. hand D. whole Question 20 : My father ___ when he found out that I’d damaged the car. A. hit the roof B. saw pink elephant C. made my blood boil D. brought the house down Question 21 : We would have swum in the sea if there ___ so many sharks there. A. won’t be B. wouldn’t be C. haven’t been D. hadn’t been Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges. Question 22. -Hoa: “What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary! “ - Mary: “___.” A. You are telling a lie. B. I don‘t like your saying C. Thank you very much. I‘m afraid D. Thank you for your compliment Question 23. - Tom: “Sorry, I forgot to phone you last night.” -Mary: “___” A. I have nothing to tell you. B. Oh. Poor me! C. Never mind! D. You was absent – minded. 27
28. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 24. During the earthquake, a lot of buildings collapsed, which killed thousands of people. A. went off accidentally B. fell down unexpectedly C. exploded suddenly D. erupted violently Question 25. Bill, come and give me a hand with cooking. A. attempt B. prepare C. be busy D. help Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 26. During the five- decade history the Asian Games have been advancing in all aspects. A. holding at B. holding back C. holding to D. holding by Question 27: They protested about the inhumane treatment of the prisoners. A. vicious B. warmhearted C. callous D. coldblooded Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. Question 28: "Shall I turn on the heater for you?" Lane said to his grandpa. A. Lane wanted to turn on the heater for his grandpa. B. Lane offered to turn on the heater for his grandpa. C. Lane promised to turn on the heater for his grandpa. D. Lane asked his grandpa to turn on the heater for him. Question 29: It’s possible that we won’t go camping this weekend. A. We will probably go camping this weekend. B. We may not go camping this weekend. C. We will not go camping this weekend. D. We must not go camping this weekend. Question 30: Without skillful surgery, he would not have survived the operation. A. Had it been for skillful surgery, he would not have survived the operation. B. He wouldn’t have survived the operation if he hadn’t had skillful surgery. C. With skillful surgery, he would have survived the operation. D. But for skillful surgery, he would not have survived the operation Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. Question 31: Anne jogs every morning. It is very good for her health. A. Anne jogs every morning and is very good for her health. B. Anne jogs every morning, which is very good for her health. C. Anne jogs every morning and then it is very good for her health. D. Anne jogs every morning that it is very good for her health. Question 32: He felt tired. However, he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain. A. Tired as he might feel, he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain B. As a result of his tiredness, he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain. C. Feeling very tired, he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain. D. He felt so tired that he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 33 to 35. In the western customs (33) ___ hands is the customary form of greeting, but in China a nod of the head or (34) ___ bow is sufficient. Hugging and kissing when greeting are uncommon. Business cards are often (35) ___ and yours should be printed in your own language and in Chinese. Also, it is more respectful to present your card or a gift or -any other article using (36) ___ hands. The Chinese are (37) ___ applauders. You may be greeted with group clapping, even by small children. When a person is applauded is this practice it is the custom for that person to return the applause or a “thank you”. Question 33: A. taking B. shaking C. grasping D. hugging Question 34: A. small B. bit C. slight D. heavy Question 35: A. exchanged B. changed C. transferred D. converted Question 36: A. pair B. couple C. double D. both Question 37: A. enthusiast B. enthusiastic C. enthusiasm D. Enthusiastically Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42. In this era of increased global warming and diminishing fossil fuel supplies, we must begin to put a greater priority on harnessing alternative energy sources. Fortunately, there are a number of readily available, renewable resources that are both cost- effective and earth – friendly. Two such resources are solar power and geothermal power. Solar energy, which reaches the earth through sunlight, is so abundant that it could meet the needs of worldwide energy consumption 6,000 times over. And solar energy is easily harnessed through the use of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity. In the US alone, more than 100, 000 homes are 28
29. equipped with solar electric systems in the form of solar panels or solar roof tiles. And in other parts of the world, including many developing countries, the use of solar system is growing steadily. Another alternative energy source, which is abundant in specific geographical areas, is geothermal power, which creates energy by tapping heat from below the surface of the earth. Hot water and steam that are trapped in underground pools are pumped to the surface and used to run a generator, which produces electricity. Geothermal energy is 50,000 times more abundant than the entire known supply of fossil fuel resources. And as with solar power, the technology needed to utilize geothermal energy is fairly simple. A prime example of effective geothermal use is in Iceland, a region of high geothermal activity where over 80 percent of private homes are heated by geothermal power. Solar and geothermal energy are just two of promising renewable alternatives to conventional energy sources. The time is long overdue to invest in the development and use of alternative energy on global scale. Question 38: What is the main topic of this passage? A. How energy resources are tapped from nature. B. Examples of the use of energy sources worldwide. C. The benefits of solar and wind power over conventional energy sources. D. Two types of alternative energy sources that should be further utilized. Question 39: According to the passage, why should we consider using alternative energy sources? A. Because conventional energy resources are being depleted, and they cause environmental damage. B. Because global warming has increased the amount of sunlight that reaches the earth. C. Because they are free and available worldwide. D. Because fossil fuels are no longer available. Question 40: Which of the following words could best replace the word “harnessing”? A. harassing B. capturing C. depleting D. exporting Question 41: According to the passage, how is solar energy production similar to geothermal energy production? A. They both require the use of a generator. B. They both use heat from the earth’s surface. C. They both require fairly simple technology. D. They are both conventional and costly. Question 42: What best describes the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To warn people about the hazards of fossil fuel use. B. To convince people of the benefits of developing alternative energy sources. C. To describe the advantages and disadvantages of alternative energy use. D. To outline the problems and solutions connected with global warming. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to them. Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions. According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same “facial language”. Studies by Ekman’s group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far- flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland , Sumatra ,the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea , and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise. There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays – the so called display rules. In many Asian cultures, for example, children are taught to control emotional responses – especially negative ones- while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openly. Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree , in people’s behavior. From their first days of life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings. The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people’s faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Charles Darwin pointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. Cross - cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry different meanings in different cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed by sticking out your tongue? For Americans, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while 29